Abdalla Ahmad Yousef200207168

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Design And Testing of a Distance-Measurement
Device For Athletes

• Abdalla Ahmad Yousef 200207168
• Ahmad Hussain Abdalla 200207199
• Saeed Hilal AlKharoosi 200205347

Advisor Dr. Samir Emam
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Outlines

• Project Statement
• Introduction
• Theory of Operation
• Device Design
• Device Circuits
• System Components
• Results Analysis
• Distance Measuring Device Results
• Conclusion
• Recommendations
• Cost Estimation

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Project Statement

• The aim of our project is to design a distance
  measurement device for athletes.
• This device is useful for measuring the distance
  by player. It is always necessary to evaluate the
  effort of every player to judge his/her
  contribution in a scientific way.
• Our objectives is to get the device size and
  weight as low as possible.
• Safety requirements

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Introduction

• In the last semester, after search on the
  available distance measuring systems that
  applicable with our devise, it was found that two
  systems are satisfy with the devise either
  using
• Global Positioning System (GPS).
• Accelerometers.
• Accelerometer has been selected based on
  accuracy, size and cost.
• However, some GPS devices are accurate, but its
  expensive and huge which is against our
  objectives.

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Introduction

• Depending on this selection, the device circuit
  has been designed and its components have been
  specified.
• In this semester, the device has been built by
  assembling the components to each other in proper
  shape (that will be discussed it later in this
  presentation).
• Also, it was tested and checked to enhancements
  and improvements that can be added to achieve
  better accuracy and precision.

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Theory of Operation

• Method I Double Integration
• Distance
• Velocity
• Acceleration

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Theory of Operation

• The equations of motion of a particle moving with
  a constant acceleration are given by

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Method I Double Integration
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Method I Double Integration

• We express the velocity and displacement over an
  incremental time ?t as

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Error analysis

• Accumulated error due to the accelerometer
  measurement

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Error analysis

• The table below shows the accumulated error for
  different types of accelerations.

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Error Analysis

• Alignment Error due to the misalignment measures
• The accelerometer is measuring the acceleration
  in one direction. One type of error will appear
  due to misalignment of the accelerometer.
• There are two types of misalignment error
• In-plane
• Out of plane

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Error Analysis

• In-plane Analysis

Misalignment sensor with angle ?
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Error Analysis

• Out of plane Analysis

Misalignment sensor with angles ? and F
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Method II Step Counter

• In this way the distance will be calculated by a
  step counter technique.
• When the foot hits the ground there will be pulse
  acceleration. If this acceleration is more than
  certain acceleration (in our case 11 m/s2) then,
  it will be counted as a step.
• We assume a constant distance for each step of a
  human (normally 60 cm for each step). Then, these
  steps will accumulate with each other to get the
  final distance.
• Both methods are based on the same circuit and
  components.

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Distance Measurement Device Design

• We modified our device circuit by replacing the
  PIC16f819 with the ATMEGA32 from Atmel Company.
• Also, we added new parts to the circuit such as
  reset button and on/off switch and LED.
• The following figures is the picture of the
  device in electrical bread board and the
  schematic diagram for our circuit

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Distance Measurement Device Circuit
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Continue..
Measuring device in electrical bread board
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Micro accelerometer

• ADXL322 (Analog Device Accelerometer).
• The ADXL322 is a small, thin, low power,
  dual-axis accelerometer with signal conditioned
  voltage outputs, which are all on a single
  monolithic IC.
• As it comes mounted in a circuit that its output
  is amplified. It is supplied from DE Company as
  DE-ACC2G.
• ADXL322 has a dimension of 4 mm 4 mm 1.45 mm.

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DE-ACC2G Accelerometer Characteristics
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Device Components

• A Microcontroller (MUC) is a type of a
  microprocessor emphasizing self-sufficiency as
  having a built in memory and cost-effective as
  supplying in a cheaper package.
• The type of microcontroller used in our project
  is ATmel Atmega32 chip.

Pin configurations for ATmega32 (from
Atmel)
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Device Components

• Voltage Regulator
• It is used to obtain the required power supply
  voltage when the device is to be operated from a
  main adapters or batteries. An example of voltage
  regulator is LM7805 voltage regulator IC
  (Integrated Circuit).
• Decoders
• The function of a 7-segment decoder is to convert
  the logic states at the outputs of a BCD (Binary
  Coded Decimal) counter into a form which will
  drive a 7-segment display. The display shows the
  decimal numbers 0-9.

SN7447AN (from Texas Instruments Incorporated)
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Results Analysis

• Free Fall test for measuring the distance

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Results Analysis

• Distance for Double integration Method

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Results Analysis

• Distance for Step Counter Method

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Results Analysis
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Results Analysis

• Double Integration Method-
• The error will increase for long distances due to
  accumulated error.
• The device should be parallel to the ground which
  is hard for normal person.
• We assume that the player is moving with variable
  velocity always (no constant velocity).
• Step counter Method-
• Sometimes, if the foot pulse is too strong then
  the device will count it more than one step.
• It assumes a constant step distance for all
  people.
• The device cannot sense if the player is moving
  or stepping in his place.

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Conclusion

• In this project, two approaches were discussed to
  design the distance measurement device for
  athletes GPS and Accelerometers.
• An advantage of our device is that it can show
  the results for acceleration, velocity and
  distance.
• Also, there are two techniques used in the device
  to get the distance covered by human.
• From the results of step counter method as an
  acceptable results, since the percentage error is
  very small compared to that of the double
  integration method.

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Conclusion

• Recommendations
• Reducing the size of the device in a very small
  portable package.
• Solving the problem of sensor misalignment.
• Develop a technique to differentiate between
  constant and zero velocity as both they have zero
  acceleration.
• Challenges
• Most of the device components were electrical.
• Programming the microcontroller
• Minimizing the devise size.