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GHSGT Physics Review

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Title: GHSGT Physics Review


1
GHSGT Physics Review
2
Motion
  • One possible unit of speed is ___.
  • a. miles per hour
  • b. kilometers per hour
  • c. light years per century
  • d. all of the above
  • e. none of the above

3
The answer is D.
  • Average Speed is a distance traveled divided
  • by the time required for the trip.
  • a. speed distance / time
  • b. velocity distance / time in a direction
  • c. An acceptable unit would be any measure
  • of length over any unit of time.
  • d. mi/hr, km/hr, and m/s are common units for
  • speed or velocity.

4
Motion
  • Acceleration is defined as the change in ___.
  • a. distance divided by the time interval
  • b. velocity divided by the time interval
  • c. time it takes to move from one speed to
  • another speed
  • d. time it takes to move from one place to
  • another place
  • e. velocity of an object

5
The answer is B.
  • Acceleration is the change in velocity divided
  • by the time it took to change the velocity.
  • a. acceleration ? velocity / ? time
  • b. Acceleration tells how fast an object is
  • getting faster (or slower).
  • c. Acceleration also tells if an object is
  • changing direction.
  • d. The units for acceleration are a distance
  • over a time squared (i. e. m/s2).

6
Motion
  • Suppose you take a trip that covers 240 km
  • in 4 hours. Your average speed is ___.
  • a. 960 km/hr
  • b. 480 km/hr
  • c. 240 km/hr
  • d. 120 km/hr
  • e. 60 km/hr

7
The answer is E.
  • Speed distance / time
  • Speed 240 km / 4 hr
  • Speed 60 km/hr

8
Newtons Laws
  • A sheet of paper can be withdrawn from
  • under a carton of milk without toppling it if
  • the paper is pulled quickly. The reason this
  • can be done is that ___.
  • a. The milk carton has very little weight.
  • b. There is an action/reaction pair operating.
  • c. Gravity pulls very hard on the milk carton.
  • d. The milk carton has inertia.
  • e. none of the above

9
The answer is D.
  • Newtons first law states that an object tends
  • to retain its current state of motion unless
    acted
  • on by a net force. This is the law of inertia.
  • a. More massive objects have more inertia
  • because they are better at resisting
  • changes in motion.
  • b. There was not enough friction to move the
  • milk carton with the paper.

10
Newtons Laws
  • Compared to its weight on the earth, a 10 kg
  • object on the moon will weigh ___.
  • a. less
  • b. more
  • c. the same amount

11
The answer is A.
  • Weight is the force that an object experiences
  • due to gravity. An objects weight changes
  • depending upon where it is (i. e. on the earth,
  • on the moon, or on Mars).
  • a. The units for any force are Newtons.
  • Mass is the amount of stuff in an object. An
  • objects mass never changes no matter where
  • its located.
  • a. measured in kilograms.

12
Newtons Laws
  • Newtons second law states that force is
  • proportional to both mass and acceleration
  • (F m a).
  • a. The acceleration due to gravity on the
  • moon is less than that on earth, therefore
  • the object will have a smaller weight.
  • b. mass and weight are often confused. An
  • object will have the same mass (amount
  • of stuff) on both the earth and the
    moon.

13
Newtons Laws
  • Newtons third law states that, for every action,
  • there is an equal and opposite reaction.
  • a. Forces always act in pairs. For example, if
  • you kick a football, your foot applies a
    force
  • to the football. However, the football
  • applies an equal and opposite force to
    your
  • foot.

14
Newtons Laws
  • Friction ___.
  • a. acts in a direction that opposes the motion
  • of an object.
  • b. comes from microscopic bumps that act as
  • obstructions to the objects motion.
  • c. is the name given to the force acting
  • between surfaces sliding between one
  • another.
  • d. all of the above
  • e. none of the above

15
The answer is D.
  • Friction is the force that exists between
  • contacting objects moving past one another.
  • a. It is caused by interactions between the
  • objects on a microscopic scale, as in the
  • diagram below.
  • b. Friction on an object is always opposite the
  • direction of the objects motion.
  • c. The units for friction, as for any
  • force, are Newtons.

16
Momentum
  • Which has more momentum, a large truck
  • moving at 30 miles per hour or a small truck
  • moving at 30 miles per hour?
  • a. the large truck
  • b. the small truck
  • c. Both trucks have the same momentum.

17
The answer is A.
  • The momentum of an object is the product of an
    objects mass and velocity.
  • a. Momentum (p) (mass) (velocity)
  • b. The units of momentum are kg m/s.
  • c. Since the trucks have the same velocity,
  • the one with the larger mass has the
    larger
  • momentum.

18
Momentum
  • A 4 kg ball has a momentum of 12 kg m/s. What
  • is the balls speed?
  • a. 3 m/s
  • b. 4 m/s
  • c. 12 m/s
  • d. 48 m/s
  • e. none of the above

19
The answer is A.
  • p (m) (v)
  • v p / m
  • v 12 kg m/s / 4 kg
  • v 3 m/s

20
Work
  • If Harry pushes an object with twice the force
  • for twice the distance, he does ___.
  • a. the same work
  • b. twice the work
  • c. four times the work
  • d. eight times the work

21
The answer is C.
  • Work is the force times the distance over which
  • the force acts.
  • a. Work (force) (distance)
  • b. The units for work are Joules.
  • b. Since there was 2 times as much force and
  • 2 times as much distance.
  • c. W (2F) (2d)
  • d. W 4 (F) (d)
  • e. The amount of work he did increased by a
  • factor of 4.

22
Power
  • If Lydia pushes a red box that weighs 10 N for 5
  • m across a room in 10 seconds, and she
  • pushes a blue box that weighs 10 N for 5 m
  • across the same room in 5 seconds, with which
  • box did she use more power?
  • a. the red box
  • b. the blue box
  • c. She expended the same amount of power
  • for both boxes.

23
The answer is B
  • Power is the work applied divided by the
  • amount of time it took to perform the work.
  • a. The units for power are Watts.
  • b. Power work / time
  • c. Power (10 N) (5 m) / 5 s
  • Power 10 Watts for the blue box (B)
  • d. Power (10 N) (5 m) / 10 s
  • Power 5 Watts for the red box

24
Energy
  • As a pendulum swings back and forth ___.
  • a. Potential energy is transformed into kinetic
  • energy.
  • b. Kinetic energy is transformed into potential
  • energy.
  • c. At the lowest part of the swing, its energy
    is
  • all kinetic.
  • d. At the end points of the swing, its energy is
  • all potential.
  • e. all of the above

25
The Answer is E
  • Kinetic energy is energy of motion.
  • Potential energy is stored energy or energy of
  • position.
  • a. The pendulum is at rest at the top of its
  • swing. It has no kinetic energy, but much
  • gravitational potential energy.
  • b. The units for work, kinetic
  • energy and potential
  • energy are Joules.

26
The answer is E.
  • b. At the bottom of its swing, it has no
  • potential energy because the potential
  • energy has been converted to kinetic
  • energy. (it is moving fast!)

27
Simple Machines
  • The ratio of output force to input force in a
  • simple machine is called the ___.
  • a. fulcrum
  • b. pivot point
  • c. efficiency
  • d. mechanical advantage
  • e. lever arm

28
The answer is D.
  • Mechanical advantage tells you how much a
  • machine multiplies the force you apply.
  • a. MA output force / input force
  • b. Nothing is free! The trade-off is that you
  • apply a small force over a large distance
    to
  • apply a large output force over a small
  • distance. Think about a wrench or a ramp.
  • c. The amount of work (force times distance)
  • remains relatively constant with any loss
  • due to friction.

29
Heat Transfer
  • Heat transfer by conduction occurs when ___.
  • a. Electrons bump into atoms and other
  • electrons.
  • b. Large numbers of atoms move from place
  • to place.
  • c. Atoms give off heat in the form of
  • electromagnetic waves.
  • d. Electromagnetic waves travel from one
  • place to another through a vacuum.
  • e. none of the above

30
The answer is A
  • Conduction is the transfer of energy as
  • particles and molecules collide with each other.
  • To do this, the objects have to touch.

conduction
31
Heat Transfer
  • Heat transfer by convection occurs when ___.
  • a. Electrons bump into other electrons.
  • b. Large numbers of atoms move from place
  • to place.
  • c. Atoms give off heat in the form of
  • electromagnetic waves.
  • d. Electromagnetic waves travel from one
  • place to another through a vacuum.
  • e. none of the above

32
The answer is B.
  • Convection is the bulk movement of heated or
  • cooled material within a sample, as in warm air
  • rising and cool air sinking.

convection currents in boiling water
33
Heat Transfer
  • Heat travels from the sun to the earth by ___.
  • a. conduction
  • b. convection
  • c. radiation
  • d. insulation
  • e. vacuumization

34
The answer is C.
  • Electromagnetic radiation is emitted by the sun,
  • some of which encounters the earth, adding
  • energy to the matter of the earth.
  • a. Radiation is the transfer of energy by the
  • emitting of electromagnetic radiation
    which
  • is then absorbed by another object.

35
Phase Changes
  • Evaporation occurs when matter changes from
  • a ___.
  • a. gas to a solid, b. gas to a liquid
  • c. solid to a liquid, d. solid to a gas
  • e. liquid to a gas
  • Condensation occurs when matter changes
  • from a ___.
  • a. gas to a solid, b. gas to a liquid
  • c. solid to a liquid, d. solid to a gas
  • e. liquid to a gas

36
The answers are E then B.
  • A phase change is accompanied by the
  • absorption or the release of energy.
  • a. A diagram for water with common phase
  • change terms is provided below.

37
Waves
  • The distance between successive identical
  • parts of a wave is called its ___.
  • a. frequency
  • b. period
  • c. wavelength
  • d. velocity
  • e. amplitude

38
The answer is C.
  • Wavelength is the distance from crest to crest
  • or trough to trough, measured in meters.
  • Amplitude is the size of the disturbance, from
  • center to peak or center to trough.
  • Frequency is how many time the disturbance
  • occurs per unit time, typically in cycles per
  • second or Hertz.

39
Waves
  • Sound waves cannot travel in ___.
  • a. air
  • b. water
  • c. steel
  • d. a vacuum
  • e. Sound can travel in all of the above.

40
The answer is D.
  • Sound is a mechanical wave. It requires a
  • medium, or matter, to travel through.
  • Electromagnetic waves do not need a medium
  • to travel through. Electromagnetic waves from
  • the sun travel to the earth through the near-
  • vacuum that is outer space.

41
Waves
  • If the sun were to disappear right now, we
  • wouldnt know about it for about 8 minutes
  • because it takes 8 minutes ___.
  • a. for the sun to disappear
  • b. to operate receiving equipment in the dark
  • c. for light to travel from the sun to the earth
  • d. all of the above
  • e. none of the above

42
The answer is C.
  • Waves travel at a certain speed. Wavelength
  • and frequency are related to speed.
  • a. Wave speed (frequency) (wavelength)
  • b. Electromagnetic radiation travels at the
  • speed of light (c) which is 3 x 108 m/s or
  • 186,000 miles per second. The sun is
  • so far away that it takes almost 8 minutes
  • for these waves to reach the earth.
  • c. Mechanical wave speed depends on the
  • matter it is traveling in. Sound is
    faster in
  • solids than liquids and slowest in gases.

43
Light
  • Different colors of light correspond to different
  • light ___.
  • a. velocities
  • b. intensities
  • c. polarities
  • d. frequencies
  • e. none of the above

44
The answer is D.
  • Our eyes interpret the frequency of light as
  • color.
  • Because frequency is related to wavelength by
  • speed, another acceptable answer could be
  • wavelength. However, this was not one of the
  • choices.

45
Light and Color
  • Complimentary colors are two colors that ___.
  • a. look good together
  • b. are primary colors
  • c. are next to each other on the color chart
  • d. produce white light when added together
  • e. none of the above

46
The answer is D.
  • Lights primary colors are red, green, and
  • blue.
  • a. Red and green light make yellow light.
  • b. Blue and red light make magenta light.
  • c. Blue and green light make cyan light.
  • d. Red, green, and blue light combine to make
    white light.

47
Light and Color
  • d. Hence, a primary light color and its
    complementary color will create white light.
  • e. Light colors opposite each other on the
  • wheel here produce white light.

48
Electric Charge
  • Two like charges ___.
  • a. attract each other
  • b. repel each other
  • c. neutralize each other
  • d. have no effect on each other
  • e. must be neutrons

49
The answer is B.
  • Charges that have the same sign (negative /
  • negative or positive / positive) will repel each
  • other whereas charges that have opposite signs
  • (negative / positive) will attract each other.

50
Electricity
  • A 10 O resistor has a 5 A current running
  • through it. What is the voltage across the
  • resistor?
  • a. 5 V
  • b. 10 V
  • c. 15 V
  • d. 20 V
  • e. more than 20 V

51
The answer is E.
  • Ohms Law states that voltage (current)
  • (resistance)
  • a. Voltage (I) (R)
  • b. I is the symbol for current. Current is
  • measured in amps (A).
  • c. R is the symbol for resistance. Resistance
  • is measured in Ohms (O)
  • d. V (I) (R) V (5 A) (10 O) V 50
    Volts

52
Electricity
  • To form an electric circuit, you need ___.
  • a. a power source
  • b. some resistance (i. e. a light bulb)
  • c. wires or conductors to connect everything
  • d. a complete path for the current
  • e. all of the above

53
The answer is E.
  • A complete circuit needs a voltage source (like
  • a battery), wires to connect all of the
  • components, and a load to consume the energy
  • (such as a light bulb or your IPOD).

54
Electric Circuits
  • The total resistance of a 3 O resistor and a 6 O
  • resistor in series is ___.
  • a. 18 O
  • b. 9 O
  • c. 6 O
  • d. 3 O
  • e. 2 O

55
The answer is B.
  • For resistors in series, add the resistances
  • together to determine total resistance.
  • For resistors in parallel, add the inverses of
    each
  • resistor to get the inverse of the total
    resistance.
  • This problem involved a series
  • circuit.
  • Rtotal R1 R2Rtotal 3 ohms 6 ohmsRtotal
    9 ohms

series parallel
56
Electric Circuits
  • Equation for adding the resistors in a series
  • circuit.
  • Rtotal R1 R2 R3 . . . .
  • Equation for adding the resistors in a parallel
  • circuit.

1 R1
1 R2
1 R3
1 Rtotal
. . . . .



57
End of GHSGT Physics Review
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