Welcome to Carolyns Webfolio

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Welcome to Carolyns Web-folio Learning Tutorial
Unit I- Lifes Building Blocks
Unit II-Energy Matter for Life
Unit III-Continuity of Life
Unit IV-Interactions Interdependence
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Unit I-Site Map
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Topic 1-Simple Organisms
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Key Ideas-Topic 1
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Key Idea 1- Organisms Possess Many Similarities

• - All living organisms have DNA (genetic code for
  life)
• - All living organisms are a part of a food
  chain.
• - All living organisms are made up of cells.
• - All living organisms carry out the same basic
  life functions (nutrition, excretion,
  respiration, transport)
• - All living organisms have a role (niche in the
  environment)

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Key Idea 2-Simple Organisms lack a cellular
organization and can either be prokaryotic or
eukaryotic.

• Prokaryotic
• Has a very primitive cell structure.
• Lacks certain organelles.
• Examples Kingdom Monerans (bacteria
  blue-green algae)

• Eukaryotic
• Cells that have a nucleus with DNA inside and
  other cell organelles.
• Examples One celled organisms such as the
  paramecium and ameba (Kingdom Protista)

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Antibacterial Soaps

• Do they really work?

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Antibacterial Soap-Introduction

• In this lab you will learn how to conduct an
  experiment to see which hand soap is more
  effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria.
  You will be setting up three dishes called
  culture dishes. One will be the control and the
  other two will be variables. You will also have
  two different kinds of hand soaps. The variables
  are the two culture dishes that have
  antibacterial soaps in them. The control is the
  dish without any antibacterial soap in it. In
  this experiment you will observe how much
  bacteria grows in each culture cup to see which
  kind of antibacterial soap is more effective.

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Applying the Scientific Inquiry Process
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Problem to Investigate

• Which antibacterial soap is effective in
  inhibiting bacterial growth?
• Will the bacteria become resistant to the
  antibacterial soaps?
• How many populations of bacteria will grow?

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Background Information1-Research

• Research on Antibacterial Soaps
• - Bacteria are simple organisms, they are made
  up of two types of cells, prokaryotic and
  eukaryotic cells.
• - Antibiotic resistance is when bacteria forms a
  resistance to the antibiotic, and therefore the
  antibiotic is not able to kill the bacteria.
• - Antibacterial soaps are made to kill the
  bacteria on your skin.
• - Bacteria will grow in your culture dish. You
  will be able to see them very easily, because
  they grow very rapidly and in clusters.
• - Bacteria has DNA. DNA is what and organism is
  made up of.

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Background Info2-Prior Experiments

• - Some bacteria can become resistant to the hand
  soap.
• Many different kinds of bacteria can grow in one
  culture dish.
• - Waterless soap is less effective in killing
  bacteria then regular hand soap is.
• - One bacteria can begin to grow in a culture
  dish and take over the entire dish.
• - Many different types of bacteria live on your
  hands.
• - Bacteria grow better in an environment with
  warmer temperatures.

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Hypothesis

• Based on the background information, I think that
  the white soap will be more effective in
  inhibiting bacteria. I think this because the
  white soap is more natural. I also think that
  the most bacteria will grow on the control
  because there is no antibacterial soap protect
  the culture dish against the bacteria
• I think that the bacteria will become resistant
  in all three of the dishes, and therefore I will
  see many different types of bacteria growing.

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Experimental Design

• Materials
• Procedures
• Controls Variables
• Safety Precautions follow safety instructions
  given by teacher.

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Materials

• Three culture dishes (made with Jello and
  Slimfast)
• Two different types of antibacterial soaps.
  (select two different soaps I used white soap
  from the girls bathroom, and pink soap from the
  boys bathroom.)
• Bacteria source (soil or your own hands I used
  soil)
• Q-Tips (cotton swabs)
• Plastic wrapping
• Rubber bands
• Labels

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Procedures

• 1. Make the culture dishes by following the
  directions on the Jello package (you can also use
  Gelatine packages). Substitute chocolate
  Slimfast (make sure its chocolate- for juice).
• 2. Place bacteria in three different culture
  dishes, Bacteria can come from soil or you own
  hands. If you use soil use a Q- tip to
  transfer the soil into the culture dish.

• 3. Label one of the dishes the control. Place
  plastic wrap over it and use a rubber band to
  hold it in place. Set this aside.
• 4. Put the two different soaps in the remaining
  two culture dishes (one soap in each culture
  dish). Label each culture dish with the soap you
  used. (ex Dial and Micrell)
• 5. Place all three culture dishes in room
  temperature.
• 6. Leave out for 7 days and record your
  observations each day in a data chart.

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Controls Variables

• CONTROL
• Culture dish All of the bacteria were exposed
  to the same growth medium.
• Source of Bacteria Each dish was filled soil
  from the same plant (if you use your hands as the
  source of bacteria- make sure you use the same
  hand for the source of bacteria.
• Temperature

• VARIABLE(s)
• Soaps There were two different soaps on two
  different culture dishes.

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Data ObservationsTable 1 Surface Area
Population Growth
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Data ObservationsTable 2 of Species
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Data ObservationsTable 3Species Competition
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Conclusions- Graph 1 Surface Area Population
Growth

• 1. My hypothesis was not correct. The white
  soap was not more effective in inhibiting the
  growth of bacteria.
• 2. The pink soap seems more effective in killing
  bacteria.
• 3. Bacterial growth began on day two.
• 4. Some possible reasons that bacterial growth
  did not occur until the second or third day is
  because the antibacterial soaps were fighting
  against the bacteria until the bacteria adapted
  to the culture, and became resistant. Another
  reason why bacteria didnt begin to grow until
  these days is that we might not have used enough
  soil. We also might not have used enough
  antibacterial soap in each culture dish.
• 5. I think that the bacteria developed a
  resistance to the antibacterial agents, but I
  wouldnt be able to tell this unless I added more
  soap to the culture dishes.
• 6. Natural selection is when nature decides what
  survives and what doesnt. Antibiotic resistance
  is an example of natural selection because when
  you have antibiotic resistance, nature is
  deciding what survives and what dies.
• 7. Natural selection is easily observed in
  bacteria because bacteria reproduce very rapidly
  and in clusters, and therefore are easy to see.
• 8. Based on what I saw in this lab I would
  define evolutions as when over time an organism
  adapts to its environment and is able to perform
  the basic life functions.

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Conclusions Graph 2 Number of Species

• There were 3 species of bacteria observed in the
  control dish, 2 species of bacteria in the pink
  soap dish, and 3 species of bacteria in the white
  soap dish.
• Bacteria are able to reproduce so rapidly because
  they reproduce asexually and they adapted to
  their environment
• Sexual reproduction produces more of a genetic
  variation.
• According to theories in modern genetics, genetic
  variation occurs in asexually reproducing
  organisms because of gene mutations they have
  been varied over time.

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Conclusions Graph 3 Species Competition

• 1. There were three different species present in
  the White Soap culture dish.
• 2. The foam species was the most abundant on the
  first day that we observed the species.
• 3. The species that was most abundant on the
  last day that all the species were observed was
  the foam species.
• 4. I think that there may have been some
  competition between the species, but I wouldnt
  really be able to tell because I only saw all
  three of the species growing on the last day of
  the experiment.
• 5. I think that the populations will stop
  growing when there is no more oxygen for them to
  take in, and no more room for them to reproduce.

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Repeated Trials

• View similar experiments by exploring other
  web-folios on our student showcase link.

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Related Topics on Bacteria

• 5-Customizing Bacteria -Genetic Engineering
• 6-Bacteria in Animal Nutrition Digestion
• 7-Using Bacteria for Environmental Problems

• 1-The Process of
• Evolution
• 2-Unity Diversity A System for Classification
• 3-Bacteria
• Natural Selection
• 4-Ecological Significance of Bacteria

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Topic 1- The Process of Evolution
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Evolution Defined

• Evolution is the theory that is used to explain
  how organisms change over time. This theory was
  introduced by Charles Darwin. The theory of
  evolution explains how all living things on earth
  came to be, and over time have changed or
  evolved.

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Competition

• In the environment there is competition among
  organisms for certain resources. This is also
  known as Survival of the Fittest. When the
  organisms compete, the strongest or better
  adapted survive. Some of the things that the
  organisms compete for are resources such as food,
  water, space, and shelter.

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Genetic Variation
Genetic variations are defined as the differences
among the offspring that inherit hereditary
traits. Hereditary traits are the
characteristics that are passed on from one
generation to another. For example, blue eyes.
Genetic variations are the traits in the
offspring that are different than the hereditary
traits.
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Topic 2- Unity Diversity A System for
Classification
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Genus Species

• A species is a group of organisms that are
  similar in structure and can mate and produce
  fertile offspring. Genus and species are used to
  name organisms. The first part of the organisms
  name is its Genus in Latin, and the second part
  of its name indicates its species in Latin.

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Kingdoms of Life

• The are five major kingdoms of life are
• Monera Monerans are prokaryotic, have a
  primitive cell structure, lack a nuclear membrane
  and most organelles. Two examples of Monerans
  are Blue Green Algae and Bacteria.
• Protista Protists are eukaryotic, and contain
  nuclear membranes and organelles. Protozoa,
  Algae, and Slime Mold are examples of Protists.
• Fungi Fungi are eukaryotic, form in branched
  filaments, and have external digestion.
• Plants Plats are eukaryotic, multicellular, and
  are photosynthetic. Byrophytes and Tracheophytes
  are both examples of plants.
• Animals Animals are eukaryotic, multicellular,
  and heterotrophic. Coelenterates, Annelids,
  Arthropods, and Chordates are all examples of
  animals.

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Topic 3- Natural Selection
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NATURAL SELECTION DEFINED
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Examples of Natural Selection

• -
• -

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Key Ideas of Natural Selection

• -
• -
• -
• -
• -

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Topic 4- Ecological Significance of Bacteria
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Recycling of Materials
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Bacteria as Decomposers
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Topic 5- Genetic Engineering of Bacteria
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Genetic Engineering
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Recombinant DNA
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Examples of Using Recombinant DNA to Customize
Bacteria

• -
• -

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Topic 6-Bacterias Role in Nutrition Digestion
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The Importance of Nutrition Digestion
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Bacterias Role in Nutrition Digestion
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Topic 7-Bacteria to Solve Environmental Problems
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Bio Remediation
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Uses of Bio-Remediation
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Unit II- Energy for Life

• Coming Soon!

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Unit III- Continuity of Life

• Coming Soon!

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Unit IV- Interactions Interdependence

• Coming Soon!