THE STRUCTURAL GENERALIZATION IN DIFFERENT MODELS OF THERAPY FOR PHONOLOGICAL DISORDERS

1
MÁRCIA KESKE-SOARES MARIZETE ILHA CERON
FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SANTA MARIA -
BRAZILContacts keske-soares_at_uol.com.br,
marizeteceron_at_hotmail.com

• THE STRUCTURAL GENERALIZATION IN DIFFERENT MODELS
  OF THERAPY FOR PHONOLOGICAL DISORDERS

2

• INTRODUCTION
• The generalization is a fundamental criterion in
  the assessment of the effectiveness of the
  therapeutic process, and is characterized by the
  expansion of production and correct use of sound
  in the target environments and contexts not
  treated (Elbert Gierut, 1986). The
  generalization can be structural when it was
  observed the circumstances in which it occurs.
  The speech therapist analyses beyond the learning
  of sounds worked in therapy, the sounds that are
  non-trained and are learned and automated, the
  sounds acquisition in other positions in the
  syllable and the word, in other words not worked,
  for sounds of the same class of sound trained, as
  well as for the sounds of different classes of
  sound trained. The structural generalization
  identifies the efficiency of the therapy to the
  sound trained, as well as the other sounds
  untreated, without to teach all sounds incorrect
  in all positions of the word, in all environments
  or contexts in which they occur. Some researches
  with phonological therapy indicated the
  generalization in your results (Mota et al, 2002
  Blanco, 2003 Barberena, Keske-Soares Mota,
  2004 Ceron Keske-Soares, 2007 Ceron
  Keske-Soares, 2008).
• PURPOSE
• The purpose of this research was to verify the
  structural generalization obtained in three
  different models of therapy in subjects with
  different degrees of phonological disorder
  severity speakers of Brazilian Portuguese.
• METHODS
• The group was composed by 21 subjects with
  phonological disorders, 11 males and 10 females,
  with average age of 57. The data were analyzed
  with phonological assessment applied at the
  beginning and end of treatment. After the
  contrastive analysis (Yavas, Hernandorena
  Lamprecht, 1991), the phonological disorders were
  classified into different degrees of severity
  from Percentage of Correct Consonants-Revised
  (Shriberg et al., 1997) severe (S)
  moderate-severe (MS) mild-moderate (MM) mild
  (M). Of these, 6 were treated with Modified
  Cycles Model (Hodson Paden, 1983), 8 with
  ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes (Tyler
  Figurski, 1994), and 7 with Modified Maximum
  Opposition Model (Bagetti, Mota e Keske-Soares,
  2005). The structural generalization was analyzed
  to the items not used in the treatment (other
  words), to other positions of the word, for the
  same class of sounds and to other classes of
  sounds, considering the models of therapy at each
  level of severity.
• RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
• Treatment by ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes
  Model brought biggest changes to the items not
  used in the treatment (MM, M), another position
  in the word (S, M), in a class of sounds (MM, M)
  and for other classes of sounds (MMM). Treatment
  by Modified Maximum Opposition Model brought
  larger generalizations to the items not used in
  the treatment (MS), to another position in the
  word (MS, MM) and in a classes and for other
  classes of sounds (MS). Treatment by Modified
  Cycles Model brought larger generalizations to
  the items not used in the treatment (S), and in
  a classes and for other classes of sounds (MM).
  Equal results with different therapeutic models
  was showed by Mota et al (2002), Crosbie, Holm
  Dodd (2005), Ceron Keske-Soares (2007), Ceron
  Keske-Soares (2008).

3

• RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
• The development of the phonetic inventory and
  phonological system was observed in all the
  therapy models studied. This results was also
  found by Mota et al. (2007) and Keske-Soares et
  al. (2008), who observed improvement in the
  phonological systems with different therapeutic
  models. The ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes
  and Modified Maximum Opposition Model were the
  most effective for the subject with
  moderate-severe phonological disorder, while
  ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes was better to
  the subject with severe phonological disorder.
  The efficacy of this therapeutic models was
  showed by another researches (Tyler, Edwards
  Saxman, 1987 Mota et al., 2002 Barberena,
  Keske-Soares Mota, 2004 Mota et al., 2005
  Bagetti, Mota Keske-Soares, 2005 Mota et al.,
  2007).
• CONCLUSION
• This research shows changes in the phonological
  system by treatment with different therapeutic
  models, and permits to know which more effective
  therapy model in the different degrees of
  severity for phonological disorders considering
  the different kinds of structural generalization.

REFERENCES BAGETTI, T. MOTA, H. B.
KESKE-SOARES, M. Modelo de oposições máximas
modificado uma proposta de tratamento para o
desvio fonológico. Revista da Sociedade
Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia, v.10, n.1, p.36-42,
2005. BARBERENA, L. S., KESKE-SOARES, M. MOTA,
H. B. Generalização no tratamento com o /R/ em um
caso de desvio fonológico médio-moderado. Revista
da Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia, v.9,
n.4, p.229-236, 2004. BLANCO, AP. A generalização
no Modelo de Ciclos Modificado em pacientes com
diferentes graus de severidade de desvio
fonológico mestrado. Santa Maria (RS)
Faculdade de Fonoaudiologia da Universidade
Federal de Santa Maria 2003. CERON, M. I.
KESKE-SOARES, M. Terapia Fonológica a
generalização a itens não utilizados no
tratamento (outras palavras). Revista CEFAC
Atualização Científica em Fonoaudiologia, v.9,
n.4, p.453-460, 2007. CERON, M. I.
KESKE-SOARES, M. Terapia Fonológica a
generalização dentro de uma classe de sons e para
outras classes de sons. Revista CEFAC
Atualização Científica em Fonoaudiologia, v.10,
n.3, p.311-320, 2008. ELBERT, M. GIERUT, J. A.
Handbook of clinical phonology. London, Taylor
Francis Ltda, 1986. HODSON, B. W. PADEN, E. P.
Targeting intelligible speech a phonological
approach to remediation. San Diego, College-Hill
Press, 1983. KESKE-SOARES, M et al. Therapy
effectiveness for phonological disorders with
different therapeutic approaches. Pró-Fono R.
Atual. Cient. 2008, v.20, n.3, p.153-158. MOTA,
H. B. BAGETTI, T. KESKE-SOARES, M. PEREIRA,
L. F. A generalização baseada nas relações
implicacionais em sujeitos submetidos à terapia
fonológica. Pró-Fono R Atual. Cient., V. 17,
p.99-110, 2005. MOTA, H. B. KESKE-SOARES, M.
BAGETTI, T. CERON, M. I. FILHA, M. G. C. M.
Análise comparativa da eficiência de três
diferentes modelos de terapia fonológica.
Pró-Fono R Atual. Cient., v.19, n.1, p.67-74,
2007. MOTA, H. B. KESKE-SOARES, M. FERLA, A.
ZASSO, L. DUTRA, L. V. Estudo comparativo da
generalização em três modelos de terapia para
desvios fonológicos. Revista Saúde, v.28,
p.36-47, 2002. SHRIBERG, L. D. AUSTIN, D.
LEWIS, B. A. MCSWEENY, J. L. WILSON, D. L. The
percentage of consonants correct (PCC) metric
extensions and reliability data. Journal of
Speech Language and Hearing Research, v.40, n.4,
p. 708-722, 1997. TYLER, A. FIGURSKY, G. R.
Phonetic inventory chances after treating
distinctions along implicatonal hierarchy.
Clinical Linguistics Phonetics. v.8, n.2,
p.91-107, 1994. YAVAS, M., HERNADORENA, C. M.
LAMPRECHT, R. R. Avaliação fonológica criança
reeducação e terapia. Porto Alegre Artes
Médicas, 1991. 148p.