Proton FFAG Accelerator R

1
Proton FFAG AcceleratorRD at BNL

• Alessandro G. Ruggiero
• Brookhaven National Laboratory

2
Present BNL - AGS Facility

• Performance
• Rep. Rate 0.4 Hz
• Top Energy 28 GeV
• Intensity 7 x 1013 ppp
• Ave. Power 125 kW

Typical DTL cycle for Protons
Typical AGS cycle for Protons
0.5 sec 2.0 sec
3
AGS Upgrade with 1.2-GeV SCL
BNL- C-A/AP/151

• Performance
• Rep. Rate 2.5 Hz
• Top Energy 28 GeV
• Intensity 1.0 x 1014 ppp
• Ave. Power 1.0 MW
• Only Protons, no HI

Upgrade to 400 MeV
AGS Cycle with 1.2-GeV SCL
4
AGS Upgrade with 1.5-GeV FFAG
BNL - C-A/AP/157

• Performance
• Rep. Rate 2.5 Hz
• Top Energy 28 GeV
• Intensity 1.0 x 1014 ppp
• Ave. Power 1.0 MW
• Protons, and HI (??)

1.5-GeV FFAG
AGS Cycle with 1.5-GeV FFAG
0.4 sec
5
BNL Proposal to Conduct Accelerator RD for a
Future U.S. Neutrino Physics ProgramSubmitted to
the U.S. Department of Energy Office of High
Energy Physicsby Brookhaven National
LaboratoryAugust 15, 2005

• This is a proposal submitted by Brookhaven
  National Laboratory (BNL) to the U.S. Department
  of Energy (DOE), Office of High Energy Physics
  (OHEP), to conduct Accelerator RD focused on the
  improvement of accelerator systems and
  capabilities needed for effective pursuit of
  future accelerator-based sources of intense
  neutrino beams. Our proposal emphasizes the RD
  needs required by the Super Neutrino Beam
  concept identified in the 2004 Office of Science
  Future Facilities Intiative1. The proposed RD
  work will be central to the future effectiveness
  of the U.S. Neutrino Oscillations Program using
  accelerator sources of neutrinos. We outline a
  program that is structured to evolve over a
  three-year period, indicating technical goals,
  requested OHEP support levels and staffing to
  meet the objectives. The proposed RD topics are
  described in detail in the sections after this
  summary. A prioritized list of topics and
  proposed support levels is given here.
• Our 1st and 2nd priority topics are for generic
  high-power, proton target and integrated
  target/horn meson-focusing systems RD. This
  proposed RD work will be needed by any
  accelerator source that proposes to advance the
  capabilities of the U.S. in future
  accelerator-based neutrino experiments. We also
  observe that beyond the neutrino-less double
  beta-decay and reactor neutrino experiments
  currently under consideration for near-term
  approval, the future effectiveness of neutrino
  oscillation physics will depend upon the
  development of Megawatt-class target sources and
  Megaton-class detectors. Our 3rd RD priority is
  for the development of novel, Fixed-Focus,
  Alternating-Gradient (FFAG) conceptual
  accelerator designs that could provide a much
  cheaper, high-power proton source for neutrinos
  than the current SC linac plan. .

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Proposal for RD to DOE

• 1.0 Introduction D. Lowenstein, W. Weng
• 2.0 Proton Target Materials RD H. Kirk, N.
  Simos
• 3.0 Integrated Horn/Target RD N. Simos
• 4.0 FFAG Conceptual Design RD A. Ruggiero
• 5.0 High Temperature Superconducting Magnets
  R. Gupta
• 6.0 Plasma Focusing Device Design RD A.
  Hershcovitch
• 7.0 AGS Super Neutrino Beam Upgrade T. Roser
• 8.0 Neutrino Factory Design Studies R. Fernow,
  J. Gallardo, R. Palmer
• 9.0 RD Support Summary D. Lowenstein, W. Weng

7
Acceleration in the AGS Upgrade FFAG

• Injection Extraction
• Kinetic Energy, MeV 400 1,500
• Momentum, MeV/c 954.3 2250.5
• ? 0.71306 0.92300
• Revol. Freq., MHz 0.2650 0.3428
• Revol. Period, µs 3.78 2.92
• Harmonic Number 24
• RF Frequency, MHz 6.357 8.228
• Bunch Area (full), eV-s 0.40
• Peak RF Voltage, MVolt 1.20
• Energy Gain, MeV/turn 0.50
• No. of Cavities 30
• No. Protons / Cycle 1.0 x 1014
• Circulating Current, Amp 4.24 5.49
• Beam RF Power, MW 2.12 2.75
• Space-Charge ?? 0.50 0.16
• Full Emittance, norm. 100 p mm-mrad
• Repetition Rate, Hz 2.5
• Injection Period 1.0 ms (255 turns)

8
Proton BNL Electron Model for FFAG

• Injection Extraction
• Kinetic Energy, keV 217.85 816.93
• Momentum, keV/c 519.73 1,225.66
• ? 0.71306 0.92300
• Revol. Freq., MHz 2.3618 3.0552
• Revol. Period, µs 0.4234 0.3273
• Harmonic Number 3
• RF Frequency, MHz 7.085 9.166
• Bunch Area (full), eV-s 0.40
• Peak RF Voltage, kVolt 5.824
• Energy Gain, keV/turn 2.427
• No. of Cavities 1
• No. Protons / Cycle 5.446 x 1010
• Circulating Current, mA 20.59 26.659
• Beam RF Power, W 50.04 65.13
• Space-Charge ?? 0.50 0.16
• Full Emittance, norm. 100 p mm-mrad
• Repetition Rate, Hz 2.5
• Injection Period 0.1122 ms (255 turns)

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BNL Electron Model for Proton FFAG

• Circumference, m 9.05484
• Period Length, m 0.377286
• No. of Periods 24
• F Length, cm 4.375
• Field, G 38.717
• Gradient, G/m 3,739
• D Length, cm 8.7
• Field, G 90.586
• Gradient, G/m 3,275
• Drifts S (half), cm 8.239
• g (full), cm 1.875
• Phase Adv. /Period H 0.32589
• V 0.28593
• Betatron Tune H 7.82122
• V 6.86230
• Transition Energy, ?T 16.914 i
• Chromaticity H 0.8274
• V 1.8493

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Linear Field Profile
11
Adjusted Field Profile
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Solicitation of a SBIR Proposal for the
Construction of an Electron-Modelto simulate the
Beam Dynamics of a Proton FFAG with Non-Scaling
Lattice

• .
• We are proposing here the construction of a
  Non-Scaling Proton FFAG Accelerator prototype as
  a demonstration of the principle. At this purpose
  we use acceleration of electrons instead of
  protons to allow scaling down the ring dimensions
  and energy range. Tentative parameters of the
  prototype are given in Tables 1 and 2. The basic
  component is a period made of straight sections
  and a FDF triplet magnet as shown in Figure 1.
  The bending field distribution across the width
  of each of the two magnets is given in Figure 2
  for a Linear Field Profile and in Figure 3 for an
  Adjusted Field Profile that minimize the betatron
  tune variation across the momentum aperture. We
  have adopted the criterion to emulate as close as
  possible acceleration of protons in the FFAG for
  the AGS Upgrade. The electron beam energy
  selected would indeed preserves the beam velocity
  variation in the acceleration cycle. Moreover
  beam intensity and dimensions have been chosen to
  intentionally create significant space-charge
  forces at injection.
• ..