Cells and Cell Theory

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Cells and Cell Theory
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Cell Theory States

• All living things are made of cells
• New cells comes from old cells
• Cells are the basic units of life (nothing
  smaller than a cell is alive)

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So What Makes Something Alive?
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Living things

• Maintain a stable environment (homeostasis)
• Use energy
• Make cell products proteins, fats, and
  carbohydrates

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Living things

• Make waste
• Exchange gases
• Contain DNA
• Reproduce
• Die

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There are Two basic Types of Cells

• Prokaryotic Cells
• Eukaryotic Cells

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Macrophage (Eukaryote) eating bacteria
(Prokaryotes)


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Prokaryotes

• The smallest and simplest cells
• Earliest cells (first living organisms)
• All bacteria are prokaryotes
• Lack nucleus and most other organelles (cell
  parts)

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Eukaryotes

• Are more complex and larger cells
• Everything that is not a bacteria is made of
  eukaryotic cells
• Eukaryotes contain a nucleus that holds the cells
  DNA
• Contain specialized organelles that perform
  specific functions within the cell

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Eukaryotic Organelles

• Organs do things to keep you alive
• Organelles do things to keep cells alive

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The nucleus controls cells activities
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Mitochondria makes energy from sugar
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Cell membrane- controls what enters and exits the
cell
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Ribosomes Make Proteins
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Folds Proteins
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Smooth ER Folds fats and carbohydrates
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The Nucleolous is a dense spot in the nucleus
that makes Ribosomes
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The Golgi Apparatus Packages proteins, fats and
carbohydrates into packages called vesicles to be
transported out of the cell
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Vesicles are packages that carry cell products
out of a cell
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Vacuoles are storage compartments in cell
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Lysosomes are digestive compartments in cells
that recycle used cell products
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The Cytoplasm is the fluid that fills a cell. It
is mostly water.
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Chromosomes are not organelles- they are the
packages in the nucleus that contain the cells
DNA
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Plant Cells have Two organelles that animal cells
do not have

• Cell Wall- an extra layer of protection that
  keeps cell rigid (from moving)
• Chloroplasts- turn sunlight into food (site of
  photosynthesis)

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Plant Cell