Unit Three

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Unit Three
Unit Three
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Teaching Objectives

• Enlarge vocabulary.
• Talk about marriage across the nations and what
  counts in a successful marriage.
• Learn to recognize between facts and opinions.
• Learn to achieve paragraph coherence in the
  writing.

3
Sections

• Section A Marriage Across the
• Nations
• Section B Rich Meeting His
• Future Mother-in-Law
• Section C Finding a Marriage
• Partner

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Section A

• Marriage Across the Nations

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Table of Contents

• Background Information
• Warming-up Activities
• Text Analysis
• Vocabulary and Structure
• Vocabulary Test
• Writing

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Background Information (1)

• Wedding Traditions
• Something old, something new, something
  borrowed, something blue, and a silver sixpence
  in your shoe."

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Background Information (2)

• Something oldThis well known little rhyme
  originated during Victorian times and is still
  commonly practiced for good luck. Traditionally,
  the old would have been the garter (??)of a
  happily married woman, with the thought being
  that her good fortune would be passed down along
  with it.  The "old" also signifies the couple's
  friends will stay with them.  The "old" also
  symbolizes the bride's connection to her past a
  sense of continuity and tradition.

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Background Information (3)

• Something new
• The "new" looks to the future for the couple
  health, happiness and success. 

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Background Information (4)

• Something borrowed
• "Something borrowed" is usually a much valued
  item from the bride's family or a dear friend. It
  symbolizes prosperity within the new union.  Just
  remember it must be returned to ensure good
  fortune.  Borrow something from a happily married
  friend or family to wish your married life will
  mirror the happiness in her marriage.

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Background Information (5)

• Something blue
• "Something blue" comes from an ancient Israeli
  tradition in which the bride wears a blue ribbon
  in her hair as a symbol of her fidelity.  Blue
  represents faithfulness, fidelity and constancy.

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Background Information (6)

• A silver sixpence in your shoe
• A silver sixpence in the bride's shoe is to
  ensure wealth in the couple's life.  It
  symbolizes the promise of a lifetime of joy, a
  lifetime of good health, happiness, wealth,
  fortune, and wedded bliss the newlywed couple. 
  The sixpence first became known as a lucky coin
  when introduced by king Edward VI of England in
  1551. It later became part of bridal wedding
  traditions in the Victorian era.  In 17th century
  England, the sixpence was part of the bride's
  dowry gift to the groom.  Today a sixpence is a
  symbol of good luck.  The sixpence coin is no
  longer being minted nor in circulation.  A good
  luck penny is often substituted for the sixpence.

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Background Information (7)

• Why a wedding ring?   
• As far back as literature documents weddings, the
  wedding ring has been in evidence. Some believe
  the wedding ring was the first element of wedding
  traditions. The circular shape of the wedding
  ring symbolizes never-ending love.Third finger,
  left hand? It is believed that the vein in the
  third finger of the left hand runs directly to
  the heart.

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Background Information (8)

• Why does the bride wear a veil?
• Many moons ago it was believed that a veil would
  protect the bride form evil spirits. Today the
  white veil is a symbol of modesty and
  virginity.

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Background Information (9)

• Why does the bride wear white?
• A white gown symbolizes purity, virginity and was
  also thought to ward off evil spirits.
• Married in White, you have chosen rightMarried
  in Grey, you will go far away,Married in Black,
  you will wish yourself back,Married in Red, you
  will wish yourself dead,Married in Green,
  ashamed to be seen,Married in Blue, you will
  always be true,Married in Pearl, you will live
  in a whirl,Married in Yellow, ashamed of your
  fellow,Married in Brown, you will live in the
  town,Married in Pink, you spirit will sink.

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Background Information (10)

• In Colonial times a bride often wore her "Sunday
  best" to her wedding. It was not until the
  1840's, when Queen Victoria was married in a
  white wedding gown, that "white gowns" became the
  rage. White is also a symbol of affluence,
  purity, joy and virginity. Today, brides can
  choose many shades of white, from bright white to
  champagne.

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Background Information (11)

• Why carry flowers?
• Historically, flowers herbs have played a
  significant role in the attraction of "good"
  and/or the warding off of "evil". Greeks used ivy
  for the sign of lasting love. Today, pretty
  wedding flowers convey a message of fertility and
  enduring love and romance.

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Background Information (12)

• Why is a white runner used?
• The white runner, signifies a pure pathway into
  happiness. Rose petals in the bride's path lead
  her to a sweet and plentiful future.

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Background Information (13)

• Why is the bride given away?
• In days of old, the bride was literally given to
  the groom in an arranged marriage. Today "giving
  away" is seen as symbolic of her parent's support
  for her union.

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Background Information (14)

• Why is the bouquet tossed?
• The custom of tossing the bouquet is the modern
  day alternative to the old tradition of the
  "tearing of the wedding dress". In days gone by,
  single ladies would tear a piece of the brides
  dress for good luck. One can only imagine the
  fate of the brides gown at a large gathering!
  Thus the tossing of the bouquet is the modern
  alternative that allows the bride's gown to
  remain intact. It should not be forgotten that
  the lady who catches the bouquet is the next
  woman to be married.

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Background Information (15)

• Day of the Week and Month
• Sunday used to be the most popular wedding day
  because it was the one day most people were free
  from work.  Today, Saturday is the most popular
  wedding day (in spite of the rhyme).
• "Monday is for health, Tuesday for wealth,
  Wednesday best of all.  Thursday brings crosses,
  Friday brings losses  but Saturday, no luck at
  all."

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Background Information (16)

• "Marry in Lent, live to Repent." (Lent was a time
  for abstinence.)
• "Married when the year is new, he'll be loving,
  kind and true.When February birds do mate, you
  wed nor dread your fate.If you wed when March
  winds blow, joy and sorrow both you'll
  know.Marry in April when you can, joy for Maiden
  and for Man.Marry in the month of May, and
  you'll surely rue the day.

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Background Information (17)

• Marry when June roses grow, over land and sea you
  will go.Those who in July do wed, must labor for
  their daily bred.Whoever wed in August be, many
  a change is sure to see.Marry in September's
  shrine, your living will be rich and fine.If in
  October you do marry, love will come but riches
  tarry.If you wed in bleak November, only joys
  will come, remember.When December snows fall
  fast, marry and true love will last."

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Background Information (18)

• Ancient Roams believed May was an unlucky month
  to marry because this is the moth of the Feast
  of the Dead .

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Warming-up Activities (1)

• What counts in a successful marriage?
• Whats your opinion on a mixed marriage?

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Warming-up Activities (2)

• Decide whether the following statements are true
  (T) or false (F) according to the text.
• 1. The writer is a black. He is not an American
  citizen.
• 2. From the text, we know that Gail and Mark
  didnt have any problems in their relationship
  even though they came from different races and
  cultures.
• 3. Gails parents divorce had a negative effect
  on her relationship with Mark.

T
F
T
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Warming-up Activities (3)
F

• 4. Gails mother counseled Gail to be really sure
  she was doing the right thing because the mother
  harbored reservations about a mixed marriage.
• 5. The reason why Gails parents got divorced is
  that the father was not intelligent, charming and
  caring at all.
• 6. According to the father, people are very
  tolerant towards children from mixed marriages.

F
F
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Text Analysis (1)

• Central topic
• Gail and Mark decided to marry despite their
  racial and cultural differences after being
  together for two years and getting to know each
  other better, but the plan met with opposition
  from the girls parents.

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Text Analysis (2)
(Paras. 1-4)
One of the common ways to present arguments is
first to reject some ideas and then present some
other ideas. Gails mother used this method to
ask her daughter to make sure that Mark was her
right lifelong partner.
Through narration in the first person, the author
tells the reader To avoid the mistake made by
many unhappy mixed marriages, we lived together
for two years, which enhanced our love for each
other so much that we decided to get married.
The device dialogue is employed here to help
depict vividly the contrasts of attitudes between
Gail and her father Gails father tried to
persuade Gail to change her mind, but Gail
thought they would rather marry now and worry
later.
The mixed marriage of Gail and Mark
(Paras. 5-9)
The reaction of Gails mother to the marriage
(Paras. 10-21)
The response of Gails father to the marriage
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Vocabulary and Structure
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tolerance

• tolerance n. ??,????(?)
• ?? tolerate v. tolerant adj.
• ??To be a qualified teacher, a person needs to
  cultivate several essential virtues, among which
  tolerance is not the least.
• ???????????,???????????,????????
• Many old people have a very limited tolerance to
  cold.
• ????????????

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compromise (1)

• compromise n. ??,???? vt. ????reach a
  compromise / make compromises between A and B
  ?A?B??????
• compromise with sb. over sth. ??????
• ??Both sides are determined to get what they
  want, and there seems to be no possibility of
  compromise.
• ????????????????,???????????

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compromise (2)

• Be ready and willing to make compromises between
  your needs and those of your partner.
• ??????????????????????????????
• We cannot compromise with those whose principles
  are directly opposed to ours.
• ???????????????????????

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subtle

• subtle adj. ???,?????
• ??After what has happened to him in the last
  year, his whole attitude towards life has
  undergone a subtle change.
• ??????????,?????????????????
• His attempt to offer us a bribe was not exactly
  subtle.
• ?????????????????

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hatred

• hatred n. ??,??
• ??hate v.
• ??She is full of hatred for the driver who
  killed her child.
• ???????????????????
• Hatred is a toxic which poisons the mind and it
  makes people unhappy and exhausts the huge power
  which strives for great success.
• ??????????,????????,???????????????

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illusion (1)

• illusion n. ??,???????,??,?? ??disillusion
  vt. ??????,?????
• ??be under an illusion???,???
• ??The Sun appears to go around the Earth, but in
  fact that is only an illusion.
• ????????????,???????????

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illusion (2)

• If love is an illusion, then life itself is an
  illusion, too.
• ????????,????????????
• They were under the illusion that the company was
  doing well, but in fact it was in serious
  trouble.
• ????????????,???????????????

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compatible

• compatible adj. ?????????,??????incompatible
  adj.
• ??be (in) compatible with ? (?)??
• ??As long as you can keep a good balance between
  work and recreation, health and hard work are
  compatible.
• ????????????????,??????????????
• Their marriage ended up in divorce because they
  were simply not compatible with each other.
• ??????????,???????????

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overlook

• overlook vt. ??,??,??????,????,????More
  often than not, we overlook all sorts of warning
  signals about our own health.
• ??????(?????),?????????????????
• In a satisfying relationship between a husband
  and a wife, they overlook each others faults.
• ?????????,????????????
• The pretty and comfortable bedroom overlooks a
  flower-filled garden.
• ???????????????????

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resist (1)

• resist vt. ??,?? ?,?? ??(???)??resistance
  n. resistant adj.
• ?? cant resist sth. /doing ???
• resist doing sth. ?????
• ??I have a special liking for books. Whenever I
  see them on sale, I cant resist buying some.
• ?????????,?????????,???????

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resist (2)

• I couldnt resist chatting on line for over 8
  hours a day at the beginning of my vacation, but
  soon I got tired of it.
• ?????,??????????8????,????????
• It is not wise to resist the introduction of
  advanced technology, for it is not beneficial to
  increasing/raising productivity.
• ?????????????,????????????

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subsequent

• subsequent adj. ???,???
• ??subsequence n.
• ??subsequent to ???
• ??We made plans for a visit to the art gallery,
  but subsequent difficulties with the car
  prevented it.
• ??????????,??????????????????
• Subsequent to his phone call, I received a
  confirmation in the mail.
• ???????,???????????

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reserve (1)

• reserve v. ???? n. ????
• ?? reservation n. ???? ??
• reserved adj. ???
• ?? in reserve ???
• without reserve ????????
• ??Price rise in imported oil had an adverse
  effect on the countrys foreign exchange
  reserves.
• ????????????????????
• We believe your adventurous experience in your
  voyage on the sea without reserve.
• ???????????????????

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reserve (2)

• There is a contradiction between her public image
  and private life .In public, she is a seemingly
  aggressive and ambitious woman, while in private
  she is reserved and shy.
• ????????????????????????,??????????????????????,?
  ????,??????????
• If you are not on a package tour during the peak
  tourist time, you must reserve tickets and hotel
  rooms in advance. And dont forget to confirm
  your reservation.
• ??????????????,?????????????????????????

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prejudice

• prejudice n. ??,??
• vt. ???????,???????bias
• ??prejudice against sb. ??????
• without prejudice to sb. /sth.
  ??????????,???
• ??There was a deep-rooted racial prejudice long
  before the two countries became rivals and went
  to war.
• ?????????????,??????????????????????
• They accused him of having a prejudice against
  his women employees.
• ???????????

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confirm (1)

• confirm vt. ??,??????confirmation n.
• ??confirm sb. in sbs opinion/view/belief that
  ????????????/??/??
• ??These new statistics confirm our worst fears
  about the harmful influence of chatting on line
  on teenagers.
• ???????????????????????????????????

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confirm (2)

• All these examples confirm me in my opinion that
  great efforts should be made to fight against
  computer crimes.
• ??????????????????????????
• It is confirmed by experience that this is the
  right approach to the command of English grammar.
  
• ???????????????????

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suspect (1)

• suspect vt.?? n.???
• ??suspicion n. suspicious adj.
• ??? aspect expect inspect introspect prospect
  respect retrospect
• ??suspect sb. of doing sth.???????
• suspect that??
• suspect sb. to have done ????????
• be suspicious of sb. /sth. ???(?)????
• ??There is a saying which goes He that once
  deceives is ever suspected.
• ??????????,?????

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suspect (2)

• All persons who are suspected of catching this
  infectious disease should be isolated.
• ???????????????????
• The police suspected him to have murdered his
  wife.
• ???????????
• She was a murder suspect.
• ????????

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cancel
cancel vt. ??,????,????,?? ??cancellation
n. ???abandon, desert, give up ??cancel doing
sth. ????? ??Because of the heavy snow, many
trains have been cancelled and only a limited
service is operating on other lines.
???????,?????????,???????????????? He intends to
leave the country, in spite of a government order
canceling his passport. ????????????,??????????
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hesitate

• hesitate v. ??,???????hesitation n. hesitant
  adj.
• ??hesitate to do sth. ???????
  without hesitation ?????
• ??We wont hesitate to sacrifice our lives for
  our country, not to mention suffer some
  hardships.
• ??????????????????,?????????
• When you are asked to help with something that is
  against your will, dont hesitate to say no.
• ???????????????????,????,????????

51
proceed (1)

• proceed v. ??,??????
• ??procedure n. ??,??,??
• proceedings n. ??,??,???? (??)
• process n. ??,????,???(??)??,(??)??
• procession n. ??,??
• ??proceed with sth. ???(????)
• proceed to sth. ???(????)
• proceed to do sth. ?????

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proceed (2)

• ??He paused to consult his notes, and then
  proceeded with his questions.
• ?????????,???????
• We can now proceed to the main business of the
  meeting.
• ????????????????
• The director said he liked my scheme very much,
  and then proceeded to tear it to bits!
• ???????????,??????????

53
resolve

• resolve vt. ????,????,????resolution n.
• ??? solve dissolve
• ??resolve on / upon sth. ????
• resolve against sth. /doing sth. ??????resolve to
  do sth. ??,?????
• ?? He resolved on going out in spite of the fact
  that a storm was coming.
• ????????,????????
• After heated discussion, the committee resolved
  against appointing a new secretary.
• ?????????,??????????????

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meet with

• meet with ??,??Dishonest behaviors such as
  cheating on exams and producing fake and inferior
  commodities are bound to meet with a failure.
• ??????????????????????????????
• Many difficulties and setbacks will be inevitably
  met with in ones life.
• ???????????????????????

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have nothing to do with

• have nothing to do with ?????
• It is hardly too much to say that luck has
  nothing to do with numbers and there are no lucky
  numbers at all.
• ????????????????????????????

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on the surface

• on the surface ???,???,?????On the surface,
  the problem seems quite complex. However, if you
  dig into it, it can be reduced to several small
  questions.
• ?????,??????????,???????,??????????????

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learn of

• learn of ??,?????
• Generally, it is only when people are deprived of
  good health that they begin to learn of the
  importance of it.
• ????????????,???????????????

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take care of

• take care of ????Take care of the pence and
  the pounds will take care of themselves.
• ??????(????,?????????)?
• To win is by far the most important thing the
  rest will take care of itself.
• ?????????,????????????

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Vocabulary Test (1)

• Choose the best answer from the four
• choices to fill in each of the following
• blanks.
• 1. The vast majority of people in any given
  culture will ____ to the established standards of
  that culture.
• A. confine
• B. conform
• C. confirm
• D. confront

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Vocabulary Test (2)

• 2. Some fish have a greater ____ for acid water
  than others.
• A. tolerance
• B. resistance
• C. dependence
• D. persistence

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Vocabulary Test (3)

• 3. He ____ to work hard until the final
  examination.
• A. detested
• B. thought
• C. considered
• D. resolved
• 4. The leader of the police station gave an order
  to arrests all ___.
• A. doubted
• B. mistrusted
• C. unreliable
• D. suspected

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Vocabulary Test (4)

• 5. As soon as he came in, he ___ to tell us all
  his troubles.
• A. proceeded
• B. produced
• C. procedure
• D. processed
• 6. If a marriage is broken up, Americans would
  usually go to court and seek a ____.
• A. divorce
• B. separation
• C. division
• D. isolation

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Vocabulary Test (5)

• 7. She ___ them not to accept his explanation.
• counseled
• council
• C. cancelled
• D. confused
• 8. Progress has been made towards a political
  ____ between the two nations.
• A. combine
• B. compromise
• C. competition
• D. composition

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Vocabulary Test (6)

• 9. The problem will be discussed at length in
  ___ chapters.
• A. final
• B. late
• C. consequent
• D. subsequent
• 10. Her services have been ___ by her superiors.
• A. overtaken
• B. overlooked
• C. overwhelmed
• D. overcome

65
Vocabulary Test (7)

• Fill in the blanks with the phrases given below.
  Change the form where necessary.
• ups and downs work out for a time meet
  with all along have nothing to do with
  on the surface at ones worst learn of
  take care of
• 1. ____________, they looked like a happily
  married couple, but as a matter of fact, their
  relationship was worse.
• 2. If you go to London in November, youll see it
  _____________ . Thats the month of fogs.

On the surface
at its worst
66
Vocabulary Test (8)

• ups and downs work out for a time meet
  with all along have nothing to do with
  on the surface at ones worst learn of
  take care of
• 3. We have _____________ urged them to write
  against the enemy.
• 4. We _____________ the cost of the holiday and
  decided that we could afford it.

all along
worked out
67
Vocabulary Test (9)
ups and downs work out for a time meet
with all along have nothing to do with
on the surface at ones worst learn of
take care of 5. The old man has seen the
_________________ in the history of the relations
between the two nations. 6. I ___________ some
difficulties when I was surfing the net. 7. It
was yesterday that I ___________ the coal mine
accident.
ups and downs
met with
learned of
68
Vocabulary Test (10)
ups and downs work out for a time meet
with all along have nothing to do with
on the surface at ones worst learn of
take care of 8. I dont know what to say
______________ then an idea occurred to
me. 9.Fortunately, all his medical expenses
________________ by the state. 10. I
__________________ the party. I was home that
night.
for a time
were taken care of
had nothing to do with
69
Writing (1)
Coherence Coherence is largely concerned with
the natural and logical movements flow of
sentences in a paragraph. To achieve coherence,
each sentence in a paragraph should be so
arranged that it follows on naturally from the
previous sentences and ideas smoothly to the
next. Sentences that express relatively
unimportant ideas should be always subordinated
to those that contain the more important ones in
particular, the main idea of the paragraph should
be adequately and forcefully
70
Writing (2)
expressed. There are many ways of achieving
paragraph coherence (1) to achieve proper
chronological sequence by using such words as
when, after, meanwhile, soon, at last, finally
and so on (2) to show the right place of order
by using such words as below, above, over, near
to us, etc(3) to qualify a previous statement by
using such words as but, however, whereas, at the
same time, nevertheless (4) to introduce an
alternative statement or to draw a contrast by
using such words as otherwise, on the contrary,
on the other hand, still, yet, etc.
71
Writing (3)
(5) to amplify a previous statement by using such
words as moreover, besides, in addition to, too,
etc. (6) to draw a conclusion by using such
words as thus, as a result, consequently,
therefore and (7) to confirm a statement that is
more or less obvious by using such words as of
course, no doubt, certainly, etc. But one word of
caution connectives should not be used to
excess. If the connection is clear without their
use, there is no need to use them, except perhaps
for emphasis.
72
Writing (4)

• Model Writing 1
• Directions For this part you are allowed to
  write a composition entitled Love under the
  following Guidelines. You must write your
  composition in no less than 100 words . 1. Love
  is a very important part in this world today.
• 2. The love for your parents is exceptionally
  special love.
• 3. The love of friends is always important to us.

73
Writing (5)
Love Love is a very important part in this world
today. With the growing modernization of the
society, the relationship between people is
becoming looser and looser. They will feel more
isolated than ever if there is no love for each
other. Love is the caring and concern for, and
understanding of other people and the acceptance
of their strengths and weaknesses. To love and to
be loved are the one true happiness in life.
74
Writing (6)
The love for your parents is exceptionally
special love. This love, as any other sincere
love, must be honest and be shared by both
parents and children. Children can always share
their happiness and sadness with their parents.
The love of parents is a great support in
childrens life. It will remain with them and
help them overcome all difficulties and make them
feel secure. The childrens love for their
parents is the parents best reward.
75
Writing (7)
The love of friends is always important to us.
There is hardly any one who can live without
friends. When we grow up and leave home, friends
take the place of parents. The love of friends
may also endure all of our lives. Even though we
may not have the opportunity to visit each other.
It may be kept alive over many years by only
correspondence.
76
Writing (8)
Model writing 2 Dont They Enjoy a Happy
Marriage It is said that shared interests often
lead to successful marriage. As far as Bob and
Jessica are concerned, however, the thing is just
the other way round. They are a happy couple, yet
except traveling, they share almost no interests
in common. Bob is a businessman, and in terms of
money, an excellent one. When making bargains
with a a prospect, he often can talk the back leg
off a donkey.
77
Writing (9)
Few people are strong-minded enough to say no
to him. Since his childhood, he has been haunted
by the belief that a mans success is measured by
the money he has earned. Unlike Bob, Jessica is
quite romantic and even a little poetic, although
she more often gets no due responses from Bob.
But that doesnt hinder her frequent visits of
museums and art galleries. Moreover, she is quite
a shopping fan. Time permitting, she would buy up
the town. Apart from these, Jessica always shows
her talent in literature Bob, on the contrary,
has even no idea of
78
Writing (10)
Earnest Hemingway. Perhaps, a good case in point
is that he once said to one of his business
partners Someday, I may meet this man. Is he
also in the blue jeans business? As for their
common interesttraveling, they cherish different
purposes. Jessica chooses to go to unfamiliar
places, as such she may make up a fire to her
talent furnace however, Bobs selections are the
countries where the language in use is just like
his. For all these differences, they still make
a successful marriage, for both of them enjoy the
79
Writing (11)
freedom peculiar to each own. And to their mind,
love is the most precious thing in the world and
should be treated as such. It is not the
expression of love but its content that really
counts.
80
Section B

• Rich Meeting His Future Mother-in-law

81
Table of Contents

• Reading Comprehension
• Vocabulary Study
• Vocabulary Test

82
Reading Comprehension (1)

• Answer the following questions according to the
  reading text.
• 1. What did the writer say about her mothers
  cooking?
• Cooking was how her mother expressed her love,
  her pride, her power and her proof that she knew
  more than any one else.
• 2. What did the writer remind her boyfriend to
  do?
• She reminded her boyfriend to tell her mother
  that her cooking was the best he ever tasted.

83
Reading Comprehension (2)

• 3. Why didnt the writer notice Rich the first
  year they worked together?
• Because Rich was short, a few years younger than
  she was and easily forgettable even in his dark
  business suits.
• 4. What did Rich bring the writers parents? What
  was the parents attitude towards the gift ?
• He brought them a bottle of French wine.
• The parents did not like/ appreciate it.
• 5. What is the Chinese cooks custom according to
  the text?
• They always make negative remarks about their own
  cooking.

84
Reading Comprehension (3)

• 6. What did it mean to the family members when
  the mother complained of her famous steamed pork
  and preserved vegetable dish?
• It was the familys cue to proclaim it the best
  she had ever made.
• 7. What does it suggest when Rich poured a
  riverful of the salty black stuff on the china
  plate?
• It suggests Rich did not understand what the
  writers mother really meant.
• 8. What did Rich think of his first meeting his
  future mother-in-law?
• He thought it was successful./ He thought he hit
  it off.

85
Vocabulary Study
86
arrange

• arrange vt. ??,??,????,??,??
• vi. ???,???,????arrangement n.
• ??arrange to do sth. ????????
• arrange for sb. to do sth. ???????
• make arrangements for sb./to do sth. ???(?)???
• ??The hospitable couple arranged for a car to
  pick us up at the airport.
• ????????????????????
• The hotel manager will arrange for a babysitter
  while you are away, so dont worry.
• ??????,???????????????,???????

87
ingredient

• ingredient n. (????)????,??,(???)??(??)??,???
  ? ???part, component
• ??I am firm in my view that diligence
  (determination, perseverance) is one of the major
  ingredients in success.
• ?????????(???????)???????????
• Mix all the ingredients needed before making a
  cake.
• ?????,?????????????

88
concerning (1)

• concerning prep. ???? ???/?? about with
  regard to as regards when it comes to as far
  as sth. is concerned
• ???concerned adj. ???,??????,????
• ?? Concerning your letter, I am pleased to
  inform you that you are to receive the order by
  the end of this month.
• ??????,????????,???????????

89
concerning (2)

• Concerning the effects of monetary rewards on
  students performance, there are two opposing
  views. One view holds that monetary rewards are
  harmful to students academic development. The
  other believes that they have positive influence
  on students.
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????

90
anticipate

• anticipate vt. ??,??,????anticipation n.
• ??Unlike what the romantic people anticipate,
  marriage is based on a system beyond instinct and
  its success needs not only attraction of bodies
  but also perseverance, patience, acceptance of
  each other and tolerance.
• ????????????????,????????????,???????????????,????
  ???????????????
• I tried to anticipate the kind of questions they
  were likely to ask me at the interview.
• ?????????????????????????

91
spot

• spot n. ??,????,??
• vt. ??,??????on the spot
  ??,????,??,??
• ??Never squeeze blackheads, spots or pimples on
  your skin, otherwise, they will leave scars on
  your skin.
• ?????????,?????,????????
• Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave
  on the spot.??????????????????
• Good students are not hard to spot in the
  classroom. They are usually sitting in the front
  of the classroom.
• ???????????????????????

92
compel

• compel vt. ??, ????, ????compulsory adj. ???
  compulsive adj. ?????,????
• ?? compel sb. to do sth./be compelled to do
  sth.???????
• ??His conscience compelled him to admit his part
  in the affair.
• ??????????????????
• He was compelled to leave his hometown because he
  had been involved in a murder case.
• ??????????,????????

93
behalf

• behalf n. ??,??
• ??on behalf of sb. (on ones behalf) ????,????
• ??I am writing on behalf of my mother, to
  express her sincere thanks for your generous
  help.
• ?????????????????????
• Distinguished guests,on behalf of the host of the
  conference, I would like to propose a toast to
  success of the conference and to health of all
  the guests present.
• ???????,??????????????????????,????????

94
innocent

• innocent adj. ???,???,??????,???????,???,???
• ?? innocence n. ???guilty ??? adj.
• ?? be innocent of ???,???,???
• ??Throughout history, wars have been killing
  innocent people, women and children in
  particular.
• ????,???????????,?????????
• I am firm in my belief that he is innocent of any
  crime. He is a respectable professor in a
  renowned university.
• ????????????????????????

95
criticize (1)

• criticize vt. ??,????
• ??criticism n. ??,???? critics n. ??????
  critical adj. ???,???????,???,????
• ??criticize sb. for sth. ???????
• be critical of sth. ????????????
• ??The public criticized the police for failing
  to come up with any effective solutions to the
  problem of rising crime rate.
• ??????????????????????????????

96
criticize (2)

• Experienced parents seldom/rarely criticize their
  children for their misbehavior. Instead, they use
  rewards to stimulate their children to behave
  appropriately.
• ????????????????????,??,?????????????????

97
clue

• clue n. ??,??
• ????? hint, cue
• ??a clue to sth. ????????
• havent a clue about sth. ???????
• ??Geneticists in Canada have discovered a clue
  to the puzzle of why our cells get old and die.
• ????????????????????????????
• He is a friend hard to please and I havent a
  clue about what I will give him for his birthday
  next year.
• ???????????????????????????????

98
proclaim

• proclaim vt. (??)??,????
• ?????claim exclaim reclaim
• ??proclaim sb to be ??/?????
• proclaim sth.????
• proclaim oneself noun(???) ?????
• proclaim that??
• ??Britain proudly proclaims that it is a nation
  of animal lovers.
• ???????/???????????????
• His actions proclaimed him to be a man of strong
  determination.
• ?????????????????

99
miserable

• miserable adj. ???,???,????????,?????
• ?? misery n.
• ??It was on a grey, wet and miserable day that
  they set out to look for their missing child.
• ????????????????????????????
• A man who lives without dignity and honor is
  miserable.
• ????????????,?????????

100
modest (1)

• modest adj. ???,??????,???,???????
• ?? modesty n.
• ?? The young actress is very modest about her
  success, she says its as much the result of good
  luck as of her own talent.
• ???????????????????,??,??????????,???????

101
modest (2)

• For all her success(achievement), she is modest
  about her merits.
• ????????, ???????????
• You dont get rich overnight, but you can get a
  modest living out of it.
• ????????????,??????????????

102
come up with

• come up with ??,??(??,?????)
• The departments concerned are supposed to come up
  with appropriate solutions to the problem of
  increasing traffic accidents.
• ????????????????????????????
• The airline has come up with a novel solution to
  the problem of jet-lag.
• ????????????????????????????????????

103
win over

• win over ??(???)?????
• If we cannot succeed in winning her over(If we
  fail to win her over), we will be at a
  disadvantage.
• ???????????????,??????????
• He disagrees at the moment, but I am sure we can
  win him over to our point of view.
• ??????,??????????????????

104
think of

• think of ???(??)
• What do you think of my idea of making a weekend
  excursion to a camp ground?
• ?????????????????????
• We are thinking of going to Europe for our
  holiday, but we havent decided for certain yet.
• ??????????,?????????

105
hold ones breath

• hold ones breath ????
• At the sight of this breathtaking scene, all the
  audience couldnt help holding their breath.
• ????????,????????????
• All Europe held its breath to see who would win
  the election.
• ????????,??????????

106
even though

• even though ??
• Even though it means having to overcome many
  obstacles and difficulties, quite a number of
  students would rather go abroad to study.
• ????????????????????,????????????
• Even though we could afford it, we wouldnt go
  abroad for holidays.
• ???????,??????????

107
Vocabulary Test (1)
Fill in the blanks with the phrases given below.
Change the form where necessary.
come up with win over from head to toe
think of hold ones breath proceed to do
even though put sb. to bed hit it off
on ones behalf 1. He felt rather embarrassed
when they looked him over ___________________. 2.
As soon as he came in he ________________ tell us
all his troubles.
from head to toe
proceeded to
108
Vocabulary Test (2)

• come up with win over from head to toe
  think of hold ones breath proceed to do
  even though put sb. to bed hit it off
  on ones behalf
• 3. Can you ___________ a good place for a weekend
  holiday?
• 4. To our great surprise, the newly-married
  couple ____________.

think of
hit it off
109
Vocabulary Test (3)

• come up with win over from head to toe
  think of hold ones breath proceed to do
  even though put sb. to bed hit it off
  on ones behalf
• 5. She didnt like me at first, but I was soon
  able to
• ______________ by being especially considerate.
• 6. The president cant be here today, so I am
  going to speak _____________.

win her over
on his behalf
110
Vocabulary Test (4)

• come up with win over from head to toe
  think of hold ones breath proceed to do
  even though put sb. to bed hit it off
  on ones behalf
• 7.Give him supper, and then ___________ in my
  bed.
• 8. They all came at once ____________ many of
  them were not on speaking terms with each other.

put him to bed
even though
111
Vocabulary Test (5)

• come up with win over from head to toe
  think of hold ones breath proceed to do
  even though put sb. to bed hit it off
  on ones behalf
• 9. Scientists will have to ______________ new
  methods of increasing the worlds food supply.
• 10. The race was so close that everyone
  ___________________ at the finish.

come up with
was holding his breath
112
Vocabulary Test (6)
Complete each of the following sentences
with the proper form of the word given.1. I had
taken my coat and umbrella in ________ of rain.
(anticipate)2. Hes in charge of the security
_____________ for the presidents visit.
(arrange)3. The decision has come in for a great
deal of ___________ . (criticize)4. Police are
anxious to hear any information_________ her
whereabouts. (concern)5. He had been __________
to give up much of his time to housework.
(compel)
anticipation
arrangements
criticism
concerning
compelled
113
Vocabulary Test (7)
modesty

• 6. I give him the information in all __________,
  little realizing the account he would turn it to.
  (innocent)
• 7. The new neighbors play loud music all the time
  and its making our lives a _________.
  (miserable)
• 8. I think I can say, in all _________ , that
  wed have lost the contract if I hadnt been
  there. (modest)
• 9. Try to be ___________ when you refuse her
  invitation. (diplomat)
• 10. The Great Wall demonstrated the __________ of
  Chinas ancient culture.( brilliant )

misery
modesty
diplomatic
brilliance
114
Section C

• Finding a Marriage Partner

115
Reading Comprehension (1)

• 1. Choose the best answer to each of the
  following questions.
• Why does the writer say that the Hopi used to
  have a very different idea about freedom?
• A. Because parents could choose their favorite
  people for their childrens spouses.
• B. Because the Hopi allowed boys to leave their
  parents home at the age of eighteen to live in a
  special place for males.
• C. Because the boys enjoyed the freedom of going
  out alone at night and visiting young girls
  secretly.
• D. Because they once had a windowing custom
  that took place when young women left their
  windows open at night so that young men could
  enter their bedrooms.

116
Reading Comprehension (2)

• 2. Which of the following is Not true according
  to the passage?
• A. It is traditional Chinese culture that parents
  made some of marriage decisions for their
  children.
• B. The Mormons believed in the past that women
  should raise as many children as possible.
• C. The Hopi culture was the only one that allowed
  young people to visit each other at night.
• D. Peoples idea about marriage are strongly
  influenced by their cultural background.

117
Reading Comprehension (3)

• Read the text first and then provide short
  answers to the following questions.
• 3. Why are some people surprised when they learn
  of the windowing custom in southern Germany?
• Because they think people of southern Germany
  followed Catholic religion beliefs, which teach
  marriage is a holy right given by God in order to
  create children.

118
Reading Comprehension (4)

• 4. Why are sons important in traditional Chinese
  society?
• In traditional Chinese society, sons were
  important because they would take positions as
  head of the family and keep the family name
  alive.
• 5. What is the view of marriage held by John
  Noyes?
• Noyes believed that group marriage was the best
  way for men and women to live together. In this
  form of marriage, men and women changed partners
  frequently. They were expected to love all
  members of the community equally.