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Ten Things Everyone Should Know

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Title: Ten Things Everyone Should Know


1
Ten Things Everyone Should Know About Lockpicking
Physical Security
Deviant OllamEvent Name XXXX/XX/XX
2
1. Locks are not complicated mechanisms
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photo courtesy of datagram
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2. Most locks are wildly easy to pick
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Picking
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  • Demonstration
  • Everyone Cross Your Fingers
  • Think No Demonstration Effect
  • The Two Biggest Errors
  • Too much wrench pressure
  • Lifting pins too far up

18
Raking
19
Its typically as simple as that
Lifting TechniqueRaking TechniqueHybrid
Technique
20
3. Lack of pins doesnt equal invulnerable
21
  • Combination Locks
  • Show of Hands

22
  • Combination Locks
  • Show of Hands
  • Immensely popular in the USA
  • Schools
  • Gyms
  • Etc.

23
  • Combination Locks
  • Show of Hands
  • Immensely popular in the USA
  • Schools
  • Gyms
  • Etc.
  • These Locks Provide
  • Essentially Zero Security

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  • Padlock Shims
  • Simple
  • Cheap
  • Buy Online
  • 20-pack for 25
  • Shim stock metal
  • Homemade
  • Aluminum Cans

27
Homemade Shims A Real-Life Example
28
Homemade Shims A Real-Life Example
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Homemade Shims A Real-Life Example
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Homemade Shims A Real-Life Example
31
Homemade Shims A Real-Life Example
32
  • Combination Locks
  • Also possible to decode
  • Find the sticking points
  • Eliminate half numbers
  • Eliminate same numbers
  • You have the last number
  • Simple math from that point
  • Calculation tools available

MasterLock.xls
33
  • Combination Locks
  • Also possible to decode
  • Find the sticking points
  • Multiple dials stick, too

34
  • Warded Locks
  • Inexpensive
  • Simple Design
  • Popular Outdoors
  • Rudimentary Mechanism
  • Resists Dirt Fouling
  • Internal Latch
  • Cant Use Conventional Picks
  • However, Other Tools Exist

35
  • Warded Innards
  • Simple latch spring mechanism
  • Unlike pin tumblers, where every
  • segment of the key is important,
  • warded keys have only one
  • useful segment
  • The rest of the key simply gets in
  • in the way

36
  • Warded Picks
  • Store bought
  • Homemade
  • All very simple

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  • Tubular Locks
  • Still traditional pin stacks
  • Pins simply arranged in
  • unconventional pattern
  • Need specialized tools
  • (well sometimes)

Cormu picking tubular locks Low-tech Kryptonite
bypass
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  • Wafer Locks
  • Compact Design
  • Popular in cars, cabinets
  • Totally Different Mechanism
  • No pin tumblers
  • Difficult to pick traditionally
  • Raking and jiggling attacks

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4. Minor changes make a big difference
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  • Advanced Keyways
  • Simple straight and wide

64
  • Advanced Keyways
  • Simple straight and wide
  • Medium straight but narrow

65
  • Advanced Keyways
  • Simple straight and wide
  • Medium straight but narrow
  • Complex thinner and curvy

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  • Advanced Keyways
  • Simple straight and wide
  • Medium straight but narrow
  • Complex thinner and curvy
  • Harder lots of angles

67
  • Advanced Keyways
  • Simple straight and wide
  • Medium straight but narrow
  • Complex thinner and curvy
  • Harder lots of angles
  • Fiendish overlapping wards

68
  • Un-Shimmable Padlocks
  • Collar / Boot
  • Double-Ball Mechanism
  • Key-Retaining Locks
  • Less Convenient
  • Less Popular
  • Can still have combination dials
  • Size doesnt always equal security
  • Resistance to Brute Force
  • Not Always Resistant to Finesse

69
  • Pick-Resistant Pins
  • Spool

70
  • Pick-Resistant Pins
  • Spool

71
  • Pick-Resistant Pins
  • Spool
  • Mushroom

72
  • Pick-Resistant Pins
  • Spool
  • Mushroom
  • Serrated

73
  • Pick-Resistant Pins
  • Spool
  • Mushroom
  • Serrated

74
  • Pick-Resistant Pins
  • Spool
  • Mushroom
  • Serrated

75
Europe Raises the Bar
76
Europe Raises the Bar
77
Europe Raises the Bar
78
Europe Raises the Bar
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Europe Raises the Bar
80
5. Advanced features arent a panacea
81
Side Pin Schlage Everest
pin springs
driver (top) pins
key (bottom) pins
plug
check pin spring
check pin
specialized key
82
Side Pin Schlage Everest
photos courtesy of Matt Blaze
83
Side Pin Schlage Everest
photos courtesy of Matt Blaze
84
Side Pin Schlage Everest
specialized finger wrench
modified Everest key
85
  • Side Bars
  • Similar to side pins
  • Restrict plug movement
  • Harder to pick
  • than pin stacks

86
Side Bar Finger Pins
87
Side Bar Finger Pins
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Side Bar Finger PinsSchlage Primus
89
Side Bar Sliders
90
Side Bar Sliders
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Side Bar Rotating Pins
92
Side Bar Rotating Pins
93
Rotating Pins Medeco Locks
Medeco plug exposed, key pins rotating to align
sidebar cuts Top View Side View
94
  • Rotating Disks
  • Tremendous Security
  • Mimics a safe lock
  • Very Difficult To Pick
  • Takes much time and great skill
  • Specialized tools required

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  • Rotating Disks
  • Tremendous Security
  • Mimics a safe lock
  • Very Difficult To Pick
  • Takes much time and great skill
  • Specialized tools required
  • Falle Tool
  • Manipulates disks individually
  • Decodes cut orientation
  • Numerical key values

Barry Wels picking a rotating disk lock with Mike
Glasser
96
  • Rotating Disks
  • Abloy Protec
  • Not just rotating disks
  • Disk blocking mechanism
  • False cuts everywhere
  • Unpickable?
  • Closest I ever come to using that word
  • Falle tool cannot be used

97
  • Magnetic Locks
  • Miiwa
  • Japanese company
  • Array of magnetic pins
  • Simple North / South
  • Evva MCS
  • Austrian company
  • Axial-rotated magnets
  • Interaction with sidebar

98
  • Evva Magnetic Code System
  • Possibly most duplication-resistant lock out
    there

99
6. Electrical systems have weaknesses, too
100
  • Electrical System Weaknesses
  • Hotel safes
  • Deadbolts
  • Access control systems
  • Magnetic door locks
  • Passive IR sensors

Malaysian Hotel (240) Major Malfunction (100)
101
(Adding electricity to something isnt a panacea)
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(Adding electricity to something isnt a panacea)
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(Adding electricity to something isnt a panacea)
104
A problematic access control door
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A problematic access control door
106
Magnetic door and window systems
107
Magnetic door and window systems
wiring protected? fail open or shut?
108
Is this a good access control device?
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Is this a good access control device?
numbers worn off? default code perhaps? observe
operation?
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Is this a good access control device?
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Is this a good access control device?
can you fake it? tied to other token? what
wiring behind?
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Access control systems
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Access control systems
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Access control systems
ethernet
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Access control systems
ethernet
serial or plain copper
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Zac Franken the Gecko project
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  • Adding electricity isnt a panacea
  • Does it fail safe or fail open?
  • Electromagnets need power
  • Dealing with fire codes, etc
  • Is it layers of security or two routes of
    access?
  • Wired in series or parallel, as it were
  • How well versed are the manufacturers?
  • Often theyre good at either locks or electronics

118
  • Adding electricity isnt a panacea
  • Making the leap from electrons to metal
  • Often the low-tech attacks are most risky
  • Exit systems
  • Conan approach

Winkhaus Blue Chip (242)
119
7. Your safe might be terrible
120
  • Safes
  • Mechanism Operation
  • Wheels, Gates, a Fence

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photos courtesy of Don the Shadow
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photos courtesy of Don the Shadow
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photos courtesy of Don the Shadow
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photos courtesy of Don the Shadow
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photos courtesy of Don the Shadow
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photos courtesy of Don the Shadow
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photos courtesy of Don the Shadow
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  • Safes
  • Mechanism Operation
  • Wheels, Gates, a Fence
  • Insurance Ratings
  • Underwriters Labs (TL, TRTL, TXTL )

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  • Safes
  • Mechanism Operation
  • Wheels, Gates, a Fence
  • Insurance Ratings
  • Underwriters Labs (TL, TRTL, TXTL )

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  • Safes
  • Mechanism Operation
  • Wheels, Gates, a Fence
  • Insurance Ratings
  • Underwriters Labs (TL, TRTL, TXTL )

photo courtesy of Barry Wels
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  • Safes
  • Mechanism Operation
  • Wheels, Gates, a Fence
  • Insurance Ratings
  • Underwriters Labs (TL, TRTL, TXTL )

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  • Safes
  • Mechanism Operation
  • Wheels, Gates, a Fence
  • Insurance Ratings
  • Underwriters Labs (TL, TRTL, TXTL )

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  • Safes
  • Mechanism Operation
  • Wheels, Gates, a Fence
  • Insurance Ratings
  • Underwriters Labs (TL, TRTL, TXTL )

134
  • Safes
  • Mechanism Operation
  • Wheels, Gates, a Fence
  • Insurance Ratings
  • Underwriters Labs (TL, TRTL, TXTL )
  • Compromise
  • Manual or Robotic Manipulation

photo courtesy of Barry Wels
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  • Safes
  • Mechanism Operation
  • Wheels, Gates, a Fence
  • Insurance Ratings
  • Underwriters Labs (TL, TRTL, TXTL )
  • Compromise
  • Manual or Robotic Manipulation
  • Manipulation-Proof Safes (SG 8400)

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  • Safes
  • Mechanism Operation
  • Wheels, Gates, a Fence
  • Insurance Ratings
  • Underwriters Labs (TL, TRTL, TXTL )
  • Compromise
  • Manual or Robotic Manipulation
  • Manipulation-Proof Safes (SG 8400)
  • Electronic Kaba Mas Hamilton X-series

137
  • Safes
  • Mechanism Operation
  • Wheels, Gates, a Fence
  • Insurance Ratings
  • Underwriters Labs (TL, TRTL, TXTL )
  • Compromise
  • Manual or Robotic Manipulation
  • Manipulation-Proof Safes (SG 8400)
  • Electronic Kaba Mas Hamilton X-series
  • Fire Safes
  • Often terribly weak hardware
  • Also not typically rated for electronic media
  • Hotel Safes
  • Hit or Miss

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8. Bump keying is a real problem
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but one with real solutions
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  • The Bump Key Attack
  • Popping a lock open with a special key
  • Takes little skill, almost no training, no
    special tools
  • Vast number of locks are vulnerable
  • The media (and public) is finally taking notice
  • Exploit closely related to physics of a pick gun
  • Best explained via billiard ball analogy

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The Bump Key Attack
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The Bump Key Attack
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  • Countermeasures to Bumping
  • Certain High Security Mechanisms
  • Finger pin sidebars in Schalge Primus
  • Slider-based sidebars
  • Pins Within Pins (newer Mul-T-Lock models)
  • Rotating Disk locks (Abloy clones)
  • Magnetic Key systems (Evva MCS)
  • Other High Security Locks Dont Help As Much
  • Assa V10 Twin is exploitable geographically
  • Medeco Mul-T-Lock can be bumped
  • There is a risk of information leakage in old
    mastered systems
  • Simpler Approaches
  • Trap Pins
  • Shallow Drilling
  • Joined Pins
  • Top Gapping
  • Fluids Gels

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Trap Pins
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Trap Pins Normal Key Operation
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Trap Pins Attempt Without a Key
150
  • Trap Pins
  • A Double-Edged Sword
  • Absolute evidence of any
  • any attempted pick or bypass
  • Only one course of action
  • after trap pins have fired
  • Remove lock from door and
  • replace with a new one
  • Shallow drilling is simpler and
  • offers more elegant protection

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Shallow Drilling Normal pin stack chambers being
drilled
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Shallow Drilling Notice the difference with
shallow drilling
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Shallow Drilling Pin stacks have differing
heights in their default position
154
Shallow Drilling Attempts at bumping will fail,
not all pins touch the key
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Shallow Drilling No easy, outward evidence of
this protection
156
Shallow Drilling Conceivably possible to examine
for shallow stacks
but what then, carry a whole ring of bump keys?
157
Joining Pins Mechanically or Magnetically
Corbin Emhart
158
Top gapping This design offers the most promise
for fully hardening basic pin tumbler locks
against the bump key attack.
159
Top gapping Master Lock has published on this
topic and begun equipping locks with specialized
top pins. Look for part numbers ending with the
letter N or ask a locksmith.
160
Kwikset? When even this company is making locks
designed to prevent bump keying, its finally
gotten proper attention pity
that their new lock design is flawed.
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  • What locks have these countermeasures?
  • Short answer very few, at least at present
  • Trap Pins MC (Mitchel Collin)
    "Antiklop" model
  • Shallow Drilling CES (Carl Eduard Schulte)
    VA5 VB7 models
  • Joining Pins Corbin Emhart (no longer
    sold)
  • Top Gapping Master Lock / American Lock
    (retail or re-pinned)

162
The Bump Key Attack
dev
163
  • Fluids Gels
  • Pickbuster
  • Invented by Mark Garratt
  • Distributed by Almore
  • based in Pontypridd, Wales
  • Impedes Pin Movement
  • Mixed Industry Reaction
  • Pros inexpensive, simple, bump resistant
  • Cons not permanent, not perfect, and...
  • Significant concern about fouling
  • Weigh Costs and Benefits Yourself

164
9. Large facilities have their own pitfalls
165
  • Master Key Theory
  • Remember standard
  • pin tumbler stacks?
  • Same operation, with extra
  • pin (or wafer) in the middle
  • Potential for varied
  • levels of clearance
  • Also potential for many
  • additional shear lines

166
Master Pinning
167
Master Pinning Users Change Key
168
Master Pinning Top Master Key
169
Master Pinning Imagine a crafty user
170
Master Pinning They modify their key it doesnt
open
171
Master Pinning They modify their key it doesnt
open
172
Master Pinning They modify their key it doesnt
open
173
Master Pinning They modify their key suddenly it
opens!
174
Master Pinning This last chamber is now at the
master height
http//www.crypto.com/papers/mk.pdf
175
Master Pinning This bitting can be measured
http//www.crypto.com/papers/mk.pdf
176
Master Pinning This is how intermediate master
keying works
Keep in mind in a large, mastered facility all
doors have within them the full top master
pinning. Compromise of any single door can give
access everywhere.
177
  • SFIC Locks
  • Small Format
  • Interchangeable Core
  • BEST
  • Yale
  • Others
  • Easy to Manage
  • Plug and pins all eject as
  • a single, contained unit
  • Hard to Pick
  • Multiple independent shear lines
  • Keyways are worse than any nightmares you could
    find at
  • the bottom of a bottle or at the hands of the
    U.S. Congress

178
  • SFIC Locks
  • Very popular in large institutions
  • Cores remove with a control key
  • Two independent shear lines
  • Raising pins to one level allows
  • plug to rotate freely
  • Raising pins to other shear line
  • locks plug and control sleeve together
  • and they turn as one, either exposing
  • or retracting cores retaining tab
  • Picking attempts typically fail with standard
    tools
  • Tension binds across both shear lines

179
SFIC Locks Pin Stacks
top pins
control pins
bottom pins
core housing
control sleeve
plug
180
SFIC Locks Operating Key
181
SFIC Locks Control Key
182
  • SFIC Locks
  • Normal picking attempts typically fail
  • Tension binds across both shear lines
  • Extremely likely to set pins in various places

183
  • SFIC Locks
  • There are specialized tools
  • Torsion wrench with fingers puts pressure on
    only one shear line
  • Still very difficult, however, due to tight
    tolerances and keyways

184
  • SFIC Locks
  • Matt Blazes modified sleeve
  • Nothing for specialized finger wrench to grab

185
  • SFIC Locks
  • New BEST design
  • I believe the locks are manufactured this way now

186
  • Key control
  • Preventing illicit copies
  • Using restricted keyways
  • Inability to make blanks
  • E-Z Entrie vs. Side Cuts

187
  • Knox Boxes
  • Prevent damage to doors
  • High security key systems
  • Same key for whole region
  • Access controls and audits for use of
    official keys
  • No audit trail on boxes

188
Knox Boxes
189
Beware of Information Leakage
190
Beware of Information Leakage
191
Beware of Information Leakage
192
Beware of Information Leakage
193
Beware of Information Leakage
194
Beware of Information Leakage
195
Beware of Information Leakage
196
Beware of Information Leakage
197
Beware of Information Leakage
198
Beware of Information Leakage
199
Beware of Information Leakage
200
Beware of Information Leakage
201
Beware of Information Leakage
202
Beware of Information Leakage
203
Beware of Information Leakage
204
Beware of Information Leakage
205
  • No-Tech Risks
  • Social Engineering
  • Smokers Entrance
  • Delivery / Workman
  • Phone Penetration

206
  • No-Tech Risks
  • Social Engineering
  • Smokers Entrance
  • Delivery / Workman
  • Phone Penetration
  • Badge Faking

207
  • No-Tech Risks
  • Social Engineering
  • Smokers Entrance
  • Delivery / Workman
  • Phone Penetration
  • Badge Faking
  • Basements, Roofs Drop Ceilings

208
10. Security in the real world
209
  • Security in the Real World
  • Technical Finesse or Brute Force
  • Which is more common?
  • Common criminals do not pick locks
  • A 100 lock in a 10 door is little help
  • Doors
  • Solid-core, heavy material
  • Heavy hinges, screws deep into frame
  • Deadbolts with round core(s)
  • Windows
  • Break glass to reach knobs
  • Shatterproof film
  • Visibility
  • Motion-sensing lights
  • Keep bushes trees trimmed

Window Latch
210
  • So what is a good lock?
  • Locks that I love
  • Protec (best rotating disk)
  • (sliders in 3KS magnets of MCS)
  • Primus (finger pin sidebar
    system)
  • (slider-based sidebar)
  • (X-series safe
    dials)
  • (SFICs)
  • (Granit Diskus)
  • (shackle-less padlock)
  • (armory locks, combo locks,
    safes, deposit boxes)

http//deviating.net/lockpicking
211
Security is only as effective
as the person using it
212
  • A Security Fable
  • American 700 Padlock
  • Solid design
  • Serrated pins
  • Interchangeable cores

213
  • A Security Fable
  • American 700 Padlock
  • Solid design
  • Serrated pins
  • Interchangeable cores
  • Core Operation
  • Back of plug half circle
  • Control cylinder quarter circle

214
  • A Security Fable
  • American 700 Padlock
  • Solid design
  • Serrated pins
  • Interchangeable cores
  • Core Operation
  • Back of plug half circle
  • Control cylinder quarter circle
  • Peterson Bypass Tool
  • Slips all the way through core
  • Interacts with control cylinder directly

215
  • A Security Fable
  • American 700 Padlock
  • Solid design
  • Serrated pins
  • Interchangeable cores
  • Core Operation
  • Back of plug half circle
  • Control cylinder quarter circle
  • Peterson Bypass Tool
  • Slips all the way through core
  • Interacts with control cylinder directly
  • Security Wafer

216
  • A Security Fable
  • American 700 Padlock
  • Solid design
  • Serrated pins
  • Interchangeable cores
  • Core Operation
  • Back of plug half circle
  • Control cylinder quarter circle
  • Peterson Bypass Tool
  • Slips all the way through core
  • Interacts with control cylinder directly
  • Security Wafer
  • Wafer Breaker Tools

217
  • A Security Fable
  • American 700 Padlock
  • Solid design
  • Serrated pins
  • Interchangeable cores
  • Core Operation
  • Back of plug half circle
  • Control cylinder quarter circle
  • Peterson Bypass Tool
  • Slips all the way through core
  • Interacts with control cylinder directly
  • Security Wafer
  • Wafer Breaker Tools

218
  • A Security Fable
  • American 700 Padlock
  • Solid design
  • Serrated pins
  • Interchangeable cores
  • Core Operation
  • Back of plug half circle
  • Control cylinder quarter circle
  • Peterson Bypass Tool
  • Slips all the way through core
  • Interacts with control cylinder directly
  • Security Wafer
  • Wafer Breaker Tools
  • Shackeless Padlock the American 2000

219
Thank you so much. Thank you to TOOOL.us,
TOOOL.nl, mouse, Babak, Dave, Steve, JVR, Mr. E,
Barry Han, Laz, valanx the FOOLS, Matt Blaze,
jackalope, calypso, renderman, Bruce Heidi
220
Security is only as effective
as the person using it
221
  • So what is a good lock?
  • Locks that I love
  • Protec (best rotating disk)
  • (sliders in 3KS magnets of MCS)
  • Primus (finger pin sidebar
    system)
  • (slider-based sidebar)
  • (X-series safe
    dials)
  • (SFICs)
  • (Granit Diskus)
  • (shackle-less padlock)
  • (armory locks, combo locks,
    safes, deposit boxes)

http//deviating.net/lockpicking
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