Climate Change The efforts, politics, policies, Indian position and solutions

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Climate Change The efforts, politics,
policies, Indian position and solutions
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Content1. Climate Change Convention
Details2. Indias Position on Climate
Change3. Efforts, Strategies and CDM
Earnings4. German TC and FC Initiatives
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The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change,
1992

• The UNFCCC set forth certain principles for
  addressing climate change by a global effort, in
  particular, that of common but differentiated
  responsibilities of countries that development
  is the foremost concern of developing countries,
  etc.
• It also gave a soft target for industrialized
  countries (Annex I Parties) to return to 1990
  levels of GHG emissions by 2000.

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Berlin Mandate 1995

• Agreement to negotiate a legally binding
  instrument to strengthen commitments of developed
  countries for abatement of GHG emissions
• Categorically excluded developing countries from
  consideration for any further commitments
• Resulted in the Kyoto Protocol, 1997

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Kyoto Protocol 1997

• Legally binding Protocol setting out targets for
  GHG reductions by individual Annex I countries
  during first commitment period, 2008-2012,
  totaling 5.2 below their aggregate 1990
  emissions
• Actual percentages vary, e.g. US -7, Japan -6,
  Iceland 10, Australia 8 increase, France -8
• Protocol to come into force on 55 countries
  representing 55 of Annex I emissions ratifying
  Protocol
• USA and Australia major countries outside the
  Kyoto Protocol

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Indicators for Post Kyoto Negotiations

• Legally binding EU-Emission Trading System
  already in place
• UK which currently holds the rotating presidency
  of the Security Council proposes to discuss
  Energy, Security and Climate an open debate
  exploring the relationship between energy,
  security and climate.
• China and Russia has expressed opposition to
  holding discussion.
• USA has no objection on discussing CC at the
  Security Council
• USA GHG emission will rise to 37 above 1990
  levels by 2020. (ref draft version of US 4th
  NATCOM to UNFCCC.)
• The state of California legislates laws for GHG
  reduction and 6 other States to follow the
  path.

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Post Kyoto 2012 Positions

• Environment Ministers meeting of G8, Brazil,
  China, India, Mexico and South Africa met on
  15-17th March 2007 in Potsdam to discuss
  strategic issues of Climate protection energy
  policy.
• Post 2012 commitments are discussed in Europe
  along the following lines
• If EU goes alone - 20
• If US Japan join with EU - 30 reduction
• If all of Europe takes up -30 then Germany
  would consider -40
• If EU is going for strong commitments then it
  expects Developing Country's to reduce the
  growth rate of emissions by 2020 as well.

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2. Indias Position on Climate Change
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.We cannot blindly ape the west and pursue a
highly resource intensive development or for that
matter, resource intensive consumption patterns.
Yet we have a long way to go in catching up with
levels of consumption of even middle income
countries. We must be under no illusion that we
can in fact approximate consumption levels as we
see them in the affluent western society. Indeed,
in the interest of humanity and the
sustainability of our life support system on this
planet, it is the West that must bring its energy
consumption level closer to ours rather than the
other way round. Prime Minister of India,
Speech 14 December 2004
India Position and Development Objective
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India Position Mitigation and Adaptation

• The success of the carbon market is critically
  dependant on the level of Green House Gas
  abatement commitments by the developed countries.
  
• Carbon capture and storage technologies are not
  yet fully developed, and there are concerns about
  their safety and permanence of CO2 storage.
• Diversion of MFI or ODA resource for economic
  growth and poverty alleviation in developing
  countries neither for mitigation nor for
  adaptation projects acceptable.
• Sustainable development remains India's top
  priority.
• India has formed Expert Group on Climate Change
  and is willing to cooperate but of the opinion
  that it has not caused the problem and expects
  more efforts from Developed Nations.

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Resource modesty as inconvenient truth
Earth I
Earth II
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX, a measure of human
well-being, reaches its maximum plateau at about
4000 kWh of annual electricity use per capita.
Poverty alleviation is therefore strongly
linked to increased electricity consumption up
to a certain level.
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Convergence and Contraction by ALL
Shadow of possible scenarios
The one scenario of
convergence and contraction of the energy
consumption among industrialized and
industrializing Countries
Earth
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3. Efforts, Strategies and CDM Earnings
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The Efforts and Strategies
This world, countries and their economies have
three options to manage climate change

• Increased efforts and investments in Mitigation
  of the generation and/or emission of Greenhouse
  Gases, i.e mostly Carbon Dioxide (CO2 ) and
  Methane, (CH4 ).
• Increased efforts and investments in CDM Projects
  i.e Mitigation projects that would earn
  additional income for investors through sale of
  CERs.
• Accepting that Mitigation alone will not prevent
  or stabilize climate change and Adaptation
  measures will be necessary.

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Indias CDM Projects Earnings
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4. German TC and FC Initiatives
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German TC/FC Climate Change Initiatives

• IGEN and EU MeasuresIndo German Energy
  Programme, in cooperation with MoP under since
  2003 in the field of energy efficiency and energy
  conservation to reduce fossil fuel consumption.
  (Mitigation 2003 - 2012)
• ASEM and EU Measures, Indo German Environment
  Programme with focus on urban and industrial
  management (Mitigation in industry and urban
  sector 2003 -2012)
• Proklima, (Montreal Protocol) Phase out of
  Cloro-Fluor-Carbons (CFCs) and Carbon-Tetra-Clorid
  e (CTCs) (Mitigation 2004 -2008)
• Adaptation under National Resource Management,
  NRM, Programme in cooperation with MoEF,
  (2007-2012)
• EU/WB/DFID/GTZ Climate Change Adaptation
  Discussions
• MoP/GTZ/ADEME (France) on Energy Efficiency

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Thanking You

• Pamposh Bhat , CC- Unit of GTZ
• Jürgen Bischoff, ASEM
• Michael Glück, NRM
• Albrecht Kaupp, IGEN