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MED-CSP Concentrating Solar Power for the
Mediterranean Region WP0 Introduction WP1
Sustainability Goals WP2 Renewable Energy
Technologies WP3 Renewable Energy
Resources WP4 Demand Side Analysis WP5
Scenario Market Strategies WP6
Socio-Economical Impacts WP7 Environmental
Impacts
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Portfolio of Technologies for the MED-CSP
Scenario Wind Power Wind power can be generated
in distributed wind plants of up to 5 MW capacity
each, or in large wind parks interconnecting tens
or even hundreds of such plants. There are
onshore and offshore wind parks, build into the
sea where it is not deeper than 40 m.
Photovoltaic PV systems are typically used
for distributed or remote power systems with or
without connection to the utility grid. Their
capacity ranges from a few Watt to several MW.
There are also scenarios for very large pv
systems up to 1.5 GW each to be build in desert
areas until 2050. Both options have been included
in the MED-CSP scenario. Geothermal Hot Dry
Rock Geothermal heat of over 200 C can be
delivered from up to 5000 m deep holes to operate
organic Rankine cycles or Kalina cycle power
machines. Unit sizes are limited to about 100 MW
maximum. Biomass Power Generation Biogas from
municipal waste or solid biomass from
agricultural or municipal residues and from wood
can be used for electricity generation. Their
size is usually below 25 MW each.
Hydropower Hydropower is already applied in
many MENA countries. It ranges from large
multi-Megawatt dams like Aswan to
micro-hydropower schemes of several kW capacity.
Solar Thermal Electricity Concentrating solar
thermal power (CSP) stations are steam cycle, gas
turbine or combined cycle power stations fired
with high temperature, concentrated solar energy.
Their thermal storage capability and hybrid
operation with fuels allows them to provide power
on demand. Solar chimneys are also considered as
solar thermal power plants, though not
concentrating. CSP plants can be build from
several kW to several 100 MW capacity. CSP can be
used for co-generation of electricity and heat.
Oil and Gas fired Power Plants Oil and gas can
be used in steam cycle, gas turbine or combined
cycle power plants. All thermal plants can be
used for co-generation of electricity and heat.
They are build in all capacity classes from
several kW to several 100 MW. Coal Steam
Plants Only a few countries in MENA use coal
fired steam cycles. Coal must be imported.
Capacities range from some 10 to several 100
MW. Nuclear Fission and Fusion Nuclear plants
use nuclear fission processes to generate steam
for steam turbines. There is intensive research
on nuclear fusion aiming at providing first
results in terms of a first power plant in the
year 2050 or beyond. Projected units sizes are
in the GW capacity range.
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Renewable Energy for Power Generation
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Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Technologies
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World Wide CSP Projects
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Portfolio of
Applications Electricity Generation All the
technologies investigated within this study can
be used for electricity generation. Only biomass,
hydropower, geothermal power, solar thermal and
conventional power plants can deliver electricity
on demand. Co-Generation of Electricity and
Heat All thermo-electric systems like biomass,
geothermal, solar thermal and conventional plants
can be used for co-generation of electricity and
heat. Seawater Desalination Electricity can
be used for seawater desalination by reverse
osmosis, while co-generated heat can be applied
to multi-effect, vapor compression and
multi-stage flash thermal desalination plants.
Also combinations are possible. Thermal seawater
uses input steam with a temperature range between
70 110 C. Cooling Electricity can be used
directly in conventional mechanical compression
chillers for cooling and refrigeration.
Co-generated heat can be applied to drive vapor
absorption chillers. Vapor compression chillers
use input steam with a temperature range between
120 180 C. Industrial Process
Heat Industrial process heat in form of steam or
hot air in the temperature range of 50 - 300 C
can be delivered by all systems that are capable
of co-generation except geothermal power systems
that are restricted to temperatures below 100 C.
Integrated Systems and Multipurpose
Plants The collectors of some CSP systems
provide shaded areas that could be used for
purposes like greenhouse, parking etc. Integrated
systems that use power, desalted water and shade
for generating a new environment for farming in
desert regions could become feasible in the
future as countermeasure to desertification and
loss of arable land. This requires more
investigation on the possibilities and
restrictions of such systems.
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CSP Applications Solar or Hybrid Electricity
and Combined Heat Power

• solar electricity
• integrated fossil fuel backup capacity, power
  on demand
• increased solar operating hours, reduced fuel
  input
• additional process heat for cooling, drying,
  seawater desalination, etc.

Thermal Energy Storage
Concentrating Solar Collector Field
Solar Heat
Fuel
Electricity
Power Cycle
Process Heat
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MULTI-STAGE-FLASH EVAPORATION (MSF)
MULTI-EFFECT EVAPORATION (MED)
REVERSE OSMOSIS (RO)
Source Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) 2002
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Cooling with Electricity Vapour Compression
Chiller
Cooling with Heat Vapour Absorption Chiller
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Applications of Industrial Co-generation
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Shaded space underneath Fresnel and MTSA
collector fields

• Parking
• Greenhouse
• Market
• Exhibitions
• etc.

Photo Solarmundo
Animation Phillip Schramek
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Energy production above and biomass production
below a linear Fresnel collector field in a CSP
multipurpose plant
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Multipurpose plant for the development of arid
regions