TAIWAN

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????Young Chun Senior High School
????? Mountain View
?? TAIWAN
??(Geology) ? and 101 Tower
?????? Islands Forming
??(Geology) ? and ???? National park
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Spring of the Mountains
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????????Taipei common stratum introduction

• ???(?????2400???-1700???)?????????,???????,??????
  ????
• ???(?????1700???-1100???)?????????,???????????,??
  ????????

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????????Taipei common stratum introduction

• Daliao stratum (early Miocene 24 million years
  ago -17 million years ago) This stratum lacks of
  the plant fossils, but richly contains the marine
  facies fossils. It is the stratum of shallow sea
  marine deposits.
• Stone Bottom stratum (Miocene mid-stage 17
  million years ago -11 million years ago) This
  stratum richly contains the plant fossils. It is
  Taiwan the most important coal stratum, and it is
  the shore marine deposit stratum.

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?? Rock Stratum

• ???????????????????
• ???????????
• 1??????
•   ???????????,????3000????400???,??????????????
  ???,???????????????????
• 2???????????????
• ?1? ?????????3500?-2400????2?
  ????????2400?-2200????3? ????????2200?-2000???
  ?4? ????????2000?-1850????5? ????????1850?-1350
  ????6? ????????1350?-900????7?
  ?????????900?-400???

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?? Rock Stratum

• Taipei old stratum reference
• A. searching Taipei old stratum
• 1. Taipei aging stratum
• In the Taipei area, the most aging stratum
  probably is from 30 million ago to 4 million
  years ago that gradually formed. The academic
  official name should be "the tertiary period
  stratum", and also called "the old stratum".
• 2. The old stratum ?from bottom to top?
• ?1? first35-24 million years?2? second24-22
  million years?3? third22-20 million years?4?
  fourth20-18.5 million years
• ?5? fifth18.5-13.5 million years?6?
  sixth13.5-9 million years?7? seventh9-4
  million years

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?? The Elephant Mountain

• ??????????????????????????????????,???????
• ????????????,?????,?????????????????????,?????????
  ??????????,?????????????????????????????????,????
  ???,??????????

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?? The Elephant Mountain

• The Elephant Mountain is exactly located between
  the Stone Bottom and the Daliao stratums. Above
  the mountain footpath contour line is the Stone
  Bottom stratum, and below is the Daliao stratum.
• The top of Daliao stratum is lithologically hard.
  But the base of Stone Bottom stratum is thick
  layer of sandstone. The results of corrosion are
  different. The Daliao stratum is easy to be
  corroded, the avalanche piles up the gentle
  slope but the Stone Bottom stratums thick
  sandstone is not easy to be corroded, then forms
  the special terrain landscape.

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???? Volcano Eruption
???? Plate Convergence
???? Plate Divergence
???? Plate Movement
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?????? Taiwan Islands Forming

• ??????! (1?5000???- 1???)
• Emitted from the seabed! (105 million years ago
  100 million years ago)

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?????? Taiwan Islands Forming
2. ?????(1???-5000???) Started cracking ( 100
million years ago - 50 million years ago)
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?????? Taiwan Islands Forming

• 3. ????????!(5000???-2000??)
• North Port heights appeared! (50 million years
  ago - 20 million years ago)

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?????? Taiwan Islands Forming
4. ??????(2000???-1000???) Peng Hu Island bore
(20 million years ago - 10 million years ago)
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?????? Taiwan Islands Forming
5. ???????(1000???-500???) Taiwan Island was
forming (10 million years ago - 5 million years
ago)
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?????? Taiwan Islands Forming

• 6. ???????(500???-200???)
• Taiwan Island gradually formed (5 million years
  ago - 2 million years ago)

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?????? Taiwan Islands Forming

• 7. ??????(200???-10???)
• The seacoast sierra rose (2 million years ago -
  100 thousand years ago)

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?????? Taiwan Islands Forming
8. ???????(?1?2000??) Taiwan and mainland were
connected (about 12 thousand years ago)
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?????? Taiwan Islands Forming
9. ???????(??) Taiwan is still in the change
(current)
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?????? Taiwan Islands Forming

• 10. ?????(?????)
• Future Taiwan (several million years later)

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????? The different type of rocks

• ???(Sedimentary Rock)?????????????,??????????????
  ????,??????,??????????????
• ???(Igneous Rock)???????????,????????????????????
  
• ???(Metamorphic Rock)????????????,?????????,?????
  ???????

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????? The different type of rocks

• Sedimentary RockThe rock formed by precipitates
  and amassment. Due to different precipitates like
  the broken stone, the sand grains, the putty
  grain, or biological remains, therefore the
  different type of rocks were formed.
• Igneous RockThis type of rock is formed by the
  volcano magma cooling coagulation. Taiwan common
  Igneous Rocks are the precipice, the basalt, the
  granite.
• Metamorphic RockThe bedrock stone affected by
  high temperature or high pressure, the ingredient
  and the structure has changed, new rock formed
  which called the metamorphic rock.

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Yangming Mountain National Park (Igneous Rock)
Yeliu National Scenic area (Sedimentary Rock)
Xueba National Park (Metamorphic Rock)
Tailuge National Park Marble Valley (Metamorphic
Rock)
PengHu National Scenic area (Basalt Rock)
Kending National Park (Sedimentary Rock)
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?????????? (???)Andesite

• ?????????????????????,?????280????????250???,?????
  ????,???????????????????170????,?80????????,??????
  ???????,??????????70-50??????,??????????????,?????
  ??,????????????,????20???,???????????????

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Yangming Mountain National Park Andesite

• In the Yangming Mountain National Park, the
  volcanic eruption age may divide into two stages.
  The first stage is from 2.8 million years ago to
  2.5 million years ago the eruption is not
  fierce, only has the Datunshan eruption.
  Afterwards, its been quiet nearly about 1.70
  million years, and then erupts again in 800
  thousand years ago. The eruption scale is very
  big, all volcanoes mostly are active during 700 -
  500 thousand years ago. All volcanoes formation
  are in this time. Along with the time pass on,
  the volcanic eruption scale also are decreasing.
  Almost 200 thousand years ago, the entire
  volcanic activity history then completely
  finished.

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Yangming Mountain National Park (Igneous Rock)
Yeliu National Scenic area (Sedimentary Rock)
Xueba National Park (Metamorphic Rock)
Tailuge National Park Marble Valley (Metamorphic
Rock)
PengHu National Scenic area (Basalt Rock)
Kending National Park (Sedimentary Rock)
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PengHu National Scenic areaBasalt Rock
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Yangming Mountain National Park (Igneous Rock)
Yeliu National Scenic area (Sedimentary Rock)
Xueba National Park (Metamorphic Rock)
Tailuge National Park Marble Valley (Metamorphic
Rock)
PengHu National Scenic area (Basalt Rock)
Kending National Park (Sedimentary Rock)
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?????????? Limestone

• ????????????????(??????????????),?????????????????
  ?,??????????,???????????????????????????
• ???????????????????,????????,????,?????,??????,???
  ????????,??????????????

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Yeliu Special Scenic Area Limestone

• The Yeliu's geologic structure belongs to the
  Miocene Laos level (rich fossils like insects,
  shellfish and sea urchins, etc.), the rock
  stratum is mainly composed by the thick block of
  sandstone, the different layers of shale, the
  granulated substances. From top to bottom, the
  stratum in the order of sandstone, shale,
  calcareous sandstone, granulated substance, shale
  interbed.
• The calcareous sandstone includes the circular or
  the irregular shape lime concretion, therefore
  its anti-corroding is strongest. The sandstone is
  second, and the shale is the frailest and is
  easily corroded. Passing through the long-term
  corroding, it forms the all different wonderful
  crags and strange stones like in Yeliu.

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Yangming Mountain National Park (Igneous Rock)
Yeliu National Scenic area (Sedimentary Rock)
Xueba National Park (Metamorphic Rock)
Tailuge National Park Marble Valley (Metamorphic
Rock)
PengHu National Scenic area (Basalt Rock)
Kending National Park (Sedimentary Rock)
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????????????(???)Limestone

• ???????????????????????,??????(CaCO2),????????
• ???????,????????,??????????????,???????,?????????,
  ????????????

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Kending National ParkLimestone

• Marine life like coral and shellfish absorbed the
  carbon dioxide and calcium in the sea water and
  transformed to the calcium carbonate (CaCO2) to
  become the skeletons or the hard shells.
• After the coral and the shellfish dead, the
  remains piled up to the coral reef. The skeletons
  or the hard shells dissolved and emitted massive
  calcium carbonate, filled up all the holes and
  space of the reefs, tightly cemented the reefs
  and formed the compact and hard limestone.

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Yangming Mountain National Park (Igneous Rock)
Yeliu National Scenic area (Sedimentary Rock)
Xueba National Park (Metamorphic Rock)
Tailuge National Park Marble Valley (Metamorphic
Rock)
PengHu National Scenic area (Basalt Rock)
Kending National Park (Sedimentary Rock)
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??????????(???)Marble

• ????????????,?????300????????,?????????
• ??????????????,???????????????,????????,??????????
  ???????

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Tailuge National ParkMarble

• The limestone buries deeply underground five
  kilometers. Under the higher than 300 Celsius
  degrees temperature and high pressure, it can
  transform into the marble.
• The origin Tailuge area was the epicontinental
  sea where the biology gathered. The dead
  biological skeleton or the hard shell formed the
  limestone. Due to the extruding, the land was
  upthrow, the underground marble revealed the sea
  level.

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Yeliu National Scenic area (Sedimentary Rock)
Yangming Mountain National Park (Igneous Rock)
Xueba National Park (Metamorphic Rock)
Tailuge National Park Marble Valley (Metamorphic
Rock)
PengHu National Scenic area (Basalt Rock)
Kending National Park (Sedimentary Rock)
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??????????(???)Metamorphic Sandstone

• ???????????????????????,????200?????,???????????,?
  ??????????
• ????????,??????,????????????,?????????????????????
  ????????????

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Xueba National ParkMetamorphic Sandstone

• The metamorphosis sandstone came from the
  sandstone metamorphosing. Underground five to six
  kilometers approximately, the temperature is
  higher than 200 Celsius degrees, the quartz in
  the sandstone can recrystallize and forms the
  harder metamorphosis sandstone.
• The metamorphosis sandstone is extremely hard and
  is not easily to be corroded. When other softer
  rocks are corroded, the remains becomes the
  mountain peak. The Jade Mountain and the Snowy
  Mountains peaks are all the constitutions of the
  metamorphosis sandstone.

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?????? The Big and Small Ba-jian Peaks
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??????????The Xue-ba National Park - glacial
landforms
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101??? The 101 Tower
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101????? 101 Tower and the city development
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????

• ????
• The End
• Thanks everyone