Natural Science - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 40
About This Presentation
Title:

Natural Science

Description:

Cationic - quaternary ammonium salts. Nonionic - polyethers. Micelle. Soap bubbles ... Endothermic - ammonium nitrate dissolved in water DH. Equilibrium ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:20
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 41
Provided by: NETWORKADM
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Natural Science


1
(No Transcript)
2
Physical Science
  • Chapter 5
  • Fall 2005

3
  • Molecular Mixing

4
Molecular Interactions
  • Ion-Dipole salts dissolve (ionize) in water
  • Dipole-Dipole
  • Dipole-Induced Dipole
  • Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole
  • Hard-soft electron clouds
  • Hard - Sodium ion, Fluoride, Helium
  • Soft - Sulfide ion, Iodine

5
(No Transcript)
6
(No Transcript)
7
(No Transcript)
8
Hydrogen Bond
  • 1/4 as strong as an normal covalent chemical
    bond does have covalent char
  • OH----O or N or F
  • NH----O or N or F
  • FH----O or N or F
  • Responsible for most secondary and tertiary
    structure in proteins

9
(No Transcript)
10
Solutions
  • Molecular sugar in water
  • Ionic salt in water
  • Interactions with water molecules must be
    stronger than interactions of molecules of solute
    with each other
  • Strongweak vs. Concentrateddilute

11
Solubility
  • Saturated
  • Unsaturated
  • Supersaturated
  • Solubility and Temperature
  • Solubility of Gases

12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
Soaps
  • Lye soap rendered fat ashes
  • Polar head and non-polar tail
  • Generically called surfactants
  • Anionic - sulfates and sulfonates
  • Cationic - quaternary ammonium salts
  • Nonionic - polyethers

15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19
(No Transcript)
20
Micelle
21
Soap bubbles
22
Surface Tension
  • Skin of water
  • Capillary action

23
(No Transcript)
24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
Chapter 21
  • Chemical Reactions

29
Reactions
  • Reactants --gt Products
  • Law of Conservation of Mass
  • Molecular interpretation
  • Mole interpretation

30
Types of Reactions
  • Acid - BaseHBr KOH --gt KBr H2Oacid base
    --gt salt water
  • PrecipitationCa2 CO3-2 --gt CaCO3
  • Oxidation-Reduction4Fe 3O2 --gt 2Fe2O3

31
(No Transcript)
32
Energy
  • Law of conservation of energy
  • Heat of reaction DH
  • Entropy DS
  • Gibbs Free Energy ?H -T?S

33
Heat of Reaction
  • Exothermic - gives off heat - calcium chloride
    dissolved in water - DH
  • Endothermic - ammonium nitrate dissolved in water
    DH

34
Equilibrium
  • N2 3H2 ltgt 2NH3 DH 20 kJ
  • LeChataliers Principle - When systems at
    equilibrium are subjected to stress the point of
    equilibrium will shift to minimize the stress.

35
Mass
  • Atomic Mass
  • Formula/Molecular Mass
  • Molecules and moles (unit change from AMU to g)
  • Law of Multiple Proportions

36
Water, H2O
  • H 1 x 2 2
  • O 16 x 1 16
  • Total 18

37
Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2
  • H 1 x 2 2
  • O 16 x 2 32
  • Total 34

38
FAS, Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2
  • Fe 55.8 x 1 55.8
  • N 14 x 2 28
  • H 1 x 8 8
  • S 32 x 2 64
  • O 16 x 8 128
  • Total 283.8

39
CuSO45H2O
  • Cu 63.5 x 1 63.5
  • S 32 x 1 32
  • O 16 x 4 64 Total 159.5
  • H2O 18 x 5 90 Total 249.5
  • Copper sulfate pentahydrate

40
Law of Conservation of Mass
  • NaOH HCl gt NaCl H2O40g 36.5g
    58.5g 18g1 mol 1 mol --gt 1 mol 1 mol
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com