Breeding and Management Strategies for Enhanced Zn, Se, and I Grain Density in Cereals James Stangou

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Breeding and Management Strategies for Enhanced
Zn, Se, and I Grain Density in CerealsJames
Stangoulis, Graham Lyons and Robin
GrahamDiscipline of Plant and Pest Science,
Waite Institute
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Zinc Approx. 30 of all Soils are Zn Deficient
(Brian Alloway Based on data from Robson, A.D.
(editor) Zinc in Soils and Plants. Kluwer
Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston and
London, 1993)
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Ameliorated Through Fertilizer Application or
Breeding for Zn Efficiency
Graham et al. unpublished
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Better Seed Zn Improves Early Vigour on Zn
Deficient Soil
medium
high
low
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For Human Consumption, Zn fertilisation Can Also
Improve Seed Zn Nutrition
Zn (mg/kg)
Zn Fertilization (mg/kg soil)
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We Can Increase Grain Zn by Exploiting Genotypic
Variation
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MAS For Improving Seed Zn
5H
2H
Lonergan et al. 2001
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Diagram reproduced with kind permission of Araus,
Casadesus and Bort (2001)
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Enhancing Grain Selenium

• Breeding
• genotypic variation exists
• soil variability very high
• Fertilizer Application Enhances Grain Se
  Concentration
• Cheap and easy

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High Soil Se Variability Limits a Successful
Breeding Initiative
 

• Grain Se (µg kg-1)
• Variety Rep Site 1 Site 2
• Krichauff 1 110 120
• 2 100 88
• 3 97 170
• 4 35 270
• 5 58

Lyons et al. 2004
 
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Effect of Se Rate and Application Method on Wheat
Grain Se (mg/kg)
 

• Se Rate Charlick Minnipa
• (g/ha selenate) Soil Foliar Soil Foliar
• 0 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.7
• 10 0.2 0.2 1.1 0.9
• 30 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.1
• 100 2.1 0.6 2.7 1.8
• 300 8.3 1.2 12.0 3.6

Lyons et al. 2004
 
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Estimated Rate and Cost of Soil Applied Se to
Achieve Se Concentration of 1 mg Se/kg in grain
 

• Site Selenate (g/ha) Cost /ha
• Charlick 63 5.60
• Minnipa 10 0.90
• Sodium Selenate cost A90/kg

Lyons et al. 2004
 
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Enhancing Grain Iodine

• Breeding
• insufficient genotypic variability
• Fertilizer Application Enhances Grain I
  Concentration

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Applying KI to Paddy Rice Increases Both Leaf and
Grain Iodine
 
Iodine µg/100 g
0
Soil Applied Iodine (g ha-1)
Graham et al. unpublished
 
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Summary

• Zn Biofortification
• both breeding and fertilizer strategy possible
• little known about environmental effect on grain
  Zn loading
• Se and I Biofortification
• agronomic, fertilizer strategy successful option
• In developing countries, requires legislation to
  add Se and I to urea