Civil Rights Movement: The 2nd Civil War

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Civil Rights Movement The 2nd Civil War

• Battles

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Emmett Till (Eyes on the Prize)
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Early Civil Rights Victories (1940s)

• 1941--Ban of discrimination in defense industry
  jobs
• 1947--Branch Rickey hires Jackie Robinson to
  break the color barrier in baseball
• 1948--Truman desegregates the military

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Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955)

• Busses were segregated in Montgomery, Alabama
• Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat and led to
  the boycott
• MLK led the boycott for a year
• SCOTUS ruled bus segregation unconstitutional

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Montgomery Bus Boycott (Eyes on the Prize)
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Little Rock 9-Central High (1957)

• Little Rock, Arkansas integrated with 9 Black
  students at Central High School
• Gov Faubus ordered the National Guard to stop the
  students from entering the school

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Little Rock 9-Central High (1957)

• Eisenhower tried to convince Faubus to allow
  integration Faubus removed the National Guard.
• Eisenhower sent the 101st Airborne division to
  protect the students, and forced integration

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Little Rock Nine (Eyes on the Prize)
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Higher Education (1960s)

• NAACP included colleges in their desegregation
  efforts
• 1961 University of Georgia was required to admit
  2 African American students
• 1962 James Meredith enrolled at the University of
  Mississippi and the courts ordered the school to
  accept him
• 1963 George Wallace physically blocked 2 African
  Americans from enrolling at the University of
  Alabama

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Sit-in Movement (1960s)

• Gandhi nonviolence
• James Lawson held workshops in nonviolence
• Danger of sit-ins
• February of 1960
• Success of sit-ins

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Sit-in (Eyes on the Prize)
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Freedom Rides (1961)

• CORE tests SCOTUSS ruling in Boynton v. Virginia
• A mob met the first bus threw a firebomb,
  beating students as they came of the bus
• SNCC continued the Freedom Rides with some
  protection
• ICC forces integration

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Albany, Georgia (1961)

• SNCC sit-ins protest the lack of integration of
  busses terminals

• Laurie Pritchett used nonviolent opposition to
  MLK
• Movement failed due to lack of cooperation
  Pritchetts planning

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Who Led Them? (Eyes on the Prize)
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Birmingham, Alabama (1963)

• Birmingham was called the nations most
  segregated city
• MLK was arrested and joined hundreds in jail
• MLK wrote Letter from a Birmingham Jail in
  response to white clergy

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• Childrens March in Birmingham
• Police Chief Eugene Bull Connor violently tried
  to stop protestors
• MLK the most magnificent victory for justice
  weve seen in the Deep South

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March on Washington (Aug 28, 1963)

• JFK moves on Civil Rights
• Medgar Evers assassinated
• Largest Civil Rights Demonstration Ever!
• Bombing in Birmingham
• LBJ signs The Civil Rights Act of 1964

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Birmingham (Eyes on the Prize)
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Gaining Voting Rights (1960s)

• Voting Rights were denied to African Americans
• Voter Education Project
• 24th Amendment

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Freedom Summer (1964)

• Voter Registration in Mississippi
• Schwerner, Chaney, Goodman disappeared
• Showed that a federal law was needed to protect
  voting rights

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Mississippi Democratic Freedom Party (1964)

• MLK CRM leaders wanted to help LBJ win in 1964
• SNCC helped form the MFDP

• Fannie Lou Hamer argued MFDP should represent
  Mississippi
• LBJ offered a compromise to the group of 2 seats

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Power the Vote (Eyes on the Prize)
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Selma, Alabama (1965)

• SCLC changed their focus to voting rights in the
  South
• Police killed a protestor in Marion, a march
  was planned in protest
• Police violently stopped the Selma March

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Selma (1965)

• LBJ federalizes the state troops and orders them
  to protect the marchers

• March 25, 1965 they reached Montgomery
• LBJ passes the Voting Rights Act of 1965

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Selma (Eyes on the Prize)