WP2:

1
WP2 Shifting Baselines Early Results

• David J Starkey
• Maritime Historical Studies Centre
• Blaydes House
• University of Hull
• INCOFISH Workshop
• La Paz
• 13 March 2007

The Stuff of Legends
2
Structure of Presentation

• Publications
• 2. Validation of Source Material
• 3. Valid Data to Online Resource

3
1. Publications

• 1 paper published
• 1 paper accepted
• 15 submitted, including 13 for special issue
  Fisheries Research
• 7 papers in preparation
• 2 scholarly websites

4
Published Paper

• John K Pinnegar, Trevor Hutton Vicenzo
  Placenti
• What relative seafood prices can tell us
  about the status of stocks
• Fish and Fisheries, 2006, 7, 219-26
• CEFAS Scientific Paper of the Year
• 500 Prize!

5

• Accepted for publication in 2007
• John K Pinnegar Georg H Engelhard
• The shifting baseline phenomenon a global
  perspective
• Reviews in Fish Biology Fisheries

7 papers in preparation 15 papers in review,
including . . .
6
Fisheries Research - special INCOFISH/HMAP
issue(Henn Ojaveer B.R. MacKenzie, eds)

• Poulsen, R., Cooper, A.,Holm, P. The importance
  of historical baselines to fisheries management -
  an abundance estimate of ling (Molvamolva) and
  cod (Gadus morhua) the northeastern North Sea,
  1872
• Poulsen, B., Holm, P. A fishery of historical
  magnitude. Reconstructing the 17th-19th centuries
  catches of herring, eel, whitefish and plaice in
  Limfjorden, Denmark
• Bager, M., Søndergaard, M. K. The Danish Baltic
  Sea fisheries c. 1875-1911
• MacKenzie, B. R., Myers, R. A. The development
  of the northern European fishery for north
  Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) during
  1900-1950
• Eero, M., MacKenzie, B. R., Karlsdottir, H.
  Dynamics of international fisheries for cod
  (Gadus Gaumiga, R.morhua) in the eastern Baltic
  Sea during 1880-1938
• Enghoff, I. B., MacKenzie, B. R. Nielsen, E. E.
  The Danish fish fauna during the warm Atlantic
  period (ca. 7000 - 3900 BC) forerunner of future
  changes?

7
Fisheries Research (special issue), continued

• Lotze, H. Rise and fall of fishing and marine
  resource use in the Wadden Sea, southern North
  Sea
• Gaumiga, R., Karlsons, G., Uzars, D. Gulf of
  Riga (Baltic Sea) fisheries in the late 17th
  century
• Ojaveer, H. Lajus, J., Ojaveer, H., Tammiksaar,
  E. Fishing in the NE Baltic during the 19th
  century what can be learned from the archives of
  Karl Ernst von Baer?
• Lajus, D., Alekseeva, Y., Lajus, J. Herring
  fisheries in the White and Barents Sea in the
  18th - beginning of the 20th cc factors
  effecting the catch fluctuations
• Lajus, D., Dmitrieva, Z., Kraikovski, Lajus, J.,
  Yurchenko, A., Alexandrov D. Historical records
  of the 17 18th century fisheries for Atlantic
  salmon in northern Russia methodology and case
  studies of population dynamics
• Lajus, J., Kraikovski, A., Lajus, D. Coastal
  fisheries in the Gulf of Finland basin in the
  15-20th centuries on the base of Russian
  historical sources
• Ojaveer, H., Awebro, K., Karlsdottir, H.
  MacKenzie, B. Swedish Baltic Sea fisheries
  during c. 1870-1913 spatio-temporal dynamics of
  catch and fishing effort

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2. Validation of Source Material

• Primary Sources
• archaeological, paleo-ecological, material
  culture, history on the ground, oral testimony,
  documents
• Methodology
• the means by which raw data is transformed into
  valid evidence
• Source Assessment Validation
• provenance corroboration context meaning

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Provenance when how was source generated? by
whom? for what purpose? is it complete?

• Corroboration
• are the data supported by other sources?
• do they concur?
• yes - implies reliability/accuracy

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Context knowledge of the relevant time
space empathy with the data generators typicali
ty of cases
Meaning meaning of language significance of
data
For example . . .
11
David J. Starkey British Privateering Enterprise
in the 18th Century
Composition of British Privateering Fleet,
1689-1815 8 wars 10,400 vessels 72
ports Peak - Feb 1781 (19,632 men)
expeditions deep-water
channel
12
Channel Privateers
South East England
South West England
Jersey Guernsey
Cruising Grounds English Channel Bay of
Biscay (inshore)
13
Deep-Water Private Ships-of-War
Marquise d'Antin and Louis Erasme taken by the
Duke and Prince Frederick 10 July 1745
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Privateering Expeditions
Cinque Ports Gally ( 260 tons) St George (130
tons) William Dampier 1703-1706
Success (350 tons) Speedwell (350 tons) George
Shelvocke 1718-1720
Duke (350 tons) Dutchess (300 tons) Woodes
Rogers 1708-1711
15
Gulf of California
La Paz
16
Edward Cooke, A Voyage to the South Sea and
Round the World in the Years 1708 to 1711 (1712)
George Shelvocke, A Voyage Round the World by the
way of the Great South Sea (1726)
17
Privateers and Marine Science
privateers or buccaneers had two main reasons
to frequent the Gulf of California. The first
was that for the entire 18th century this
enclosed sea offered several good harbours,
almost unvisited by Spaniards, where captains
could careen their ships or get protection from
nasty weather (Gerhard 1963). The second reason
was due to Thomas Cavendishs successful
enterprise in the late 1580s in capturing the
Manila boat, a Spanish vessel that each year
carried gold, jewels and other wealth between
Manila and Acapulco. By the 17th century this
enterprise had become a legend among English
seamen Rogers 1711 (1970).
Andrea Saenz-Arroyo, The Value of Evidence
about Past Abundance Fish and Fisheries, 7
(2006), 128-46
18
Pirates frequently made detailed journals of
their expeditions in distant oceans. On returning
home, the epic accounts of their trips were
warmly welcomed by the publishers. Examples
include books by Thomas Cavendish, Woodes Rogers,
William Dampier, Edward Cooke and George
Shelvocke. Some buccaneers left important
descriptions not just of the natural world, but
of the culture of the inhabitants they
encountered (Fig. 2). Among them are diaries from
Woodes Rogers and his companions at the beginning
of the 18th century Dampier 1697 (1968) Rogers
1711 (1970) Cooke 1712 (1969) and George
Shelvockes journal published in 1726 Shelvocke
1726 (1928).
Andrea Saenz-Arroyo, The Value of Evidence
about Past Abundance Fish and Fisheries, 7
(2006), 128-46