Male Reproductive System

1
Male Reproductive System
Functions 1. testes produce sperm and the male
sex hormone testosterone 2. ducts
transport, store and assist in maturation of the
sperm 3. accessory organs secrete most of
the liquid portion of the semen 4. the penis
and urethra serve as a passageway for sperm and
urine
2
Male Reproductive System
ejaculatory duct
prostate gland
seminal vesicle
bladder
urethra
bulbourethral gland
vas deferens
penis
epididymus
glans penis
testes
scrotum
3
Female Reproductive System
Functions 1. ovaries produce secondary oocytes
and sex hormones 2. uterine tubes transports
secondary oocyte to uterus for fertilization
3. uterus is site of implantation of fertilized
ovum, development of fetus, and labor 4.
vagina receives the penis during intercourse,
passageway for childbirth 5. mammary
glands synthesize, secrete, and eject milk
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Female Reproductive System
Fimbria
Fallopian Tube
stratum basalis functionalis
Prepuce
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Male Female Homology
Males Females Testes Ovaries
Penis Vagina Glans Penis Clitoris Scrotum L
abia Majora Foreskin Prepuce Prostate
Gland Greater Vestibule Gland Seminal
Vesicle Paraurethral Gland
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Male Puberty Changes

• GnRH increase
• LH/FSH increase
• testosterone increase
• spermatogenesis onset
• genitalia increase
• muscle/bone increase
• hair growth increase
• voice deepens
• sweat increase

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Enticement, Excitement and Orgasm

• 1. Enticement - Sympathetic Nervous System
• Male/Female become sexually attracted to someone
• show similar response as Fight or Flight
  response
• 2. Excitement - Parasympathetic Nervous System
• Male Erection
• arteries in the penis dilate and fill the spongy
  tissue with blood
• Spongy tissue traps the blood in sinuses making
  the penis stay erect
• Female Lubrication
• arteries in the vagina fill blood forcing
  lubricating fluid out
• Secretions lubricate the vagina and prepare the
  genitals for intercourse
• 3. Orgasm - Sympathetic Nervous System
• Male Ejaculation
• peristaltic contractions propel semen through out
  of the penis
• Female Orgasm
• peristaltic contractions ripple through the
  uterus and vagina

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Female Reproductive Cycle Hormones
GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone)
stimulates the anterior pituitary to release
FSH and LH FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
stimulates the follicle growth and estrogen
release LH (lutenizing hormone)
stimulates the follicle growth and estrogen
release promotes ovulation and triggers the
formation of the corpus luteum Estrogens
development and maintenance of female sex
characteristics controls fluid and electrolyte
balance and increases protein anabolism lowers
blood cholesterol and moderate levels inhibit
GnRH, LH and FSH Progesterone works with
estrogens to prepare endometrium for implantation
of ovum prepares mammary glands for milk
secretion and inhibits the release of GnRH and LH
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Menstrual Cycle

• Ovarian Cycle
• Follicular phase
• ovulation
• luteal phase
• Uterine Cycle
• menstrual phase
• proliferative phase
• secretory phase

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Hormonal-Dependent Female Sexual Activity
Sexual activity peaks at ovulation
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Development of Sexual Orientation

• Genetics?
• similarity in twins
• runs in families
• Brain Differences?
• male/female
• gay/straight
• Hormones?
• Environment?
• increased maternal contact
• lack of playmates
• many older brothers

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Female Sexually Dimorphic Nuclei
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Male Sexually Dimorphic Nuclei
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Reproductive System Development

• XY chromosomes
• SRY genes
• Wolffian Ducts
• Mullerian Ducts

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Sex Hormones and Sexual Behavior in the Female rat
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Sex Hormones and Sexual Behavior in the Male rat
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Testosterone Myth