EVALUATING YOUR ON FARM UDDER HEALTH PROGRAM:

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EVALUATING YOUR ON FARM UDDER HEALTH PROGRAM
How do you know its working?
Leo Timms Iowa State U.
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MANAGING / INTERPRETING MASTITIS / MILK QUALITY
INFO
How do you know its working?
Leo Timms Iowa State U.
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MASTITIS

• Basic mastitis facts
• Mastitis detection
• Mastitis control
• Prevention
• Treatment

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• Occurs in every herd
• Decreased cow performance (milk)
• Milk discard costs
• Cow/ calf mortality and morbidity
• Cow replacement costs
• Labor costs
• Veterinary costs

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MASTITIS

• Inflammation of the mammary gland where
  inflammation is the reaction to tissue injury
• Redness
• Swelling
• Heat
• Pain
• Loss of function
• 99 of inflammation results from infection

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TYPES OF MASTITIS

• Clinical visual abnormalities (milk/udder/doe)
• - fever - loss of appetite - depression -
  death
• Chronic - long duration - variable signs
• - contagious? - fibrosis (nodules) udder
  palpation
• Subclinical No visible signs Special tests
  Loss of function
• Mastitis types are correlated to organisms!!!

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calving
KIDDING
WEANING

• 50 of mastitis during
• non lactating period
• mostly environmental

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gt 20 -30 of heifer teats are open prior to
calving!!!
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MONITORING IS A MUST!!!!
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HOW MUCH MASTITIS IS IN MY HERD?
OLD?
NEW!
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HOW DO WE FIND IT IN MY HERD?
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SURVEILLANCE /AWARENESS

• Swollen quarters
• Abnormal secretions
• DHI SCC on fresh cows
• CMT on fresh cows
• CULTURES know your enemy!

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MASTITIS DIAGNOSTICS
How do I look for (find mastitis)?

• Clinical
• -Milk - udder - systemic
• Subclinical
• Cultures Know your organisms
• SCC CMT / Electronic

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Clinical MastitisGrading System

• Grade 1
• mild (milk only - clots flakes)
• Grade 2
• moderate (milk udder)
• Grade 3
• severe (milk, udder cow-systemic)

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Bacteria counts, SCC, bulk tank cultures (useful
but after the fact!)
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SO YOU WANNA BE AVERAGE?

• Leo Timms
• Iowa State University

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300,000 SCC
100,000 SCC
1 MILLION!
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150,000 SCC
150,000 SCC
150,000 SCC 8 cases of clinical mastitis
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500,000 SCC
Contagious or environmental? Or both?
49 cows lt 200,000 1 cow gt 20 million w/ 100
milk
50 cows at 500,000!
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150,000 SCC(6 mo. later)
50 cows _at_ 150,000 SCC
40 new heifers, 10 aged cows Cows treated/dumped
1.6 mil. SCC
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1
30
2
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3
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4
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HERD SCC AVERAGE

• Made up of individual cow SCCs
• Need surveillance on individual cows
• Need to define what a problem cow is!
• SCC gt 200 - 283,000?
• How many problem cows?
• New or old?

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150,000 SCC(6 mo. later)
50 cows _at_ 150,000 SCC
40 new heifers, 10 aged cows Cows treated/dumped
1.6 mil. SCC
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• 32 heifers (80) _at_ 50,000 SCC
• 8 heifers (20) _at_ 550,000 SCC
• 10 aged cows gt treated dumped
• (1.6 million SCC)

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Test day 1 Herd 1 Herd 2 SCC
500,000 500,000 gt 300,000 2
100 new infec. 2 (1)
0 Test day 2 SCC 150,000
150,000 gt 300,000 0 36 new
infec. 0 20(8)
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WHAT IS A PROBLEM HIGH COW SCC?

• INDIVIDUAL COW BASIS
• gt 200 283,000 SCC!!!
• Linear Score (LS) gt 4 4.5

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SCC BENCHMARKS

• SCC lt 150-200,000 (ultimately)
• New infections (high SCC) lt 5
• Clinical mastitis / mo. lt 2
• 1st lact. lt 200,000 (LS 4) gt 90
• older cows lt 200,000 gt 80
• early lact. gt 200,000 lt 10
• culled for mastitis lt 8?

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UDDER HEALTH BEYOND PAPER
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Current Linear SCC vs. Prev. Linear SCC
New Cases 6
Chronic 14
Cures 6
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MONITORING FRESH COWS
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7/ 2006
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7 / 2006
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9 / 2006
lt 2
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9 / 2006
Fresh cow issues
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1 / 2007
lt 3
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1 / 2007
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1 / 2007
30
lt 3
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CMT testing
cowside easy inexpensive
- interpretation?
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Gel Or NO gel?
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INTERPRETATIONS

• Calving day
• No gel 100 accurate
• Gel Is/was a problem!
• 70 infections picked up!
• However
• Only 20 gelling infected
• Only 10 treatable

• Day 3 post calving
• No gel 100 accurate
• Gel Is/was a problem!
• 80 infections picked up!
• However
• Only 40 gelling infected
• Only 20 treatable

• THE MOST ACCURATE TEST IS NO GEL!
• When you see gelling, prevent before treating!
• If used for treatment, must be based on organism!

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lt 10 CMT Fresh Animals (lt 5 quarters)
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• lt 2 with clinical mastitis
• Take a sample for culture

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Culturing
A Key Component to Milk Quality!
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Cultures

• Individual cows
• Bulk Tank
• Bedding

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Contagious Mastitis

• Cow to Cow
• Who has a problem?
• Segregate if possible!
• Milking time spread!
• Milking proc. / equip!
• Teat trauma in heifers suckling / weather /
  flies sharp pastures (S.aureus)
• Waste milk / respiratory for mycoplasma

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Environmental Mastitis

• Environment to Cow
• Feces, Soil, Bedding Water
• Environmental Contact - no Velcro
• Stress Cow comfort, Acidosis, Disease, Weather
  , Machine misadjustment, Milking practices

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KNOW YOUR ENEMY (germ warfare)
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Contagious Organisms
Streptococcus agalactiae Infected Cows Milking
Time Subclinical / Chronic Very High, little self
cure Easy, most abx work
Staphylococcus aureus Infected Cows / Wounds
Cuts Milking Time Subclinical / Chronic High,
little self cure Difficult, resistance abcesses
-Organism- -Source- -Spread- -Status- -Immune
Cells- -Treatment-
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Contagious Organisms
Respiratory Tract
Blood
Organism- Source- Spread- Status- Immune
Cells- Treatment-
Mycoplasma Initially from the lungs then from
infected cows Milking Time Clinical /
Acute Medium High, some self cure No treatment /
vaccine, Cull hope for self cure
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Environmental Organisms
Strep uberis invasive
Strep dysgalactiae wimpy Bad teat ends!!
-Organism- -Source- -Spread- -Status- -Immune
Cells- -Treatment-
Environmental Streps Environment Environment Clin
ical / Acute (few chronic) High, Self cure
daily Usually effective, chronics hard
Coliforms, E. coli Klebsiella Environment Envir
onment Clinical / Acute High, Easily killed by
WBC Supportive care, treat toxemia
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Coliforms E. coli, Klebsiella, etc

• These bugs lack velcro!!!!
• cant stick!
• must swim!
• KEY IS CONTROL MOISTURE!!!

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Opportunistic / Environmental Organisms
Organism- Source- Spread- Status- Immune
Cells- Treatment-
Skin Staphs Skin Skin May be chronic Low, 50
self cure Very susceptible to abx
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DAIRY BULK TANK MILK CULTURES
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HERD LOOKING

• SCC 340,000 clinicals
• 23 gt 500,0000 SCC
• CMTd 185 cows
• 124 CMT cows 310 qtrs.
• 8 Staph aureus cows
• Mostly environmental streps
• 72 culture negative!

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CLEANLINESS SCORING
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TOWEL LOOKING
DIP DIRT
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LETS LOOK AT HERDS!
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J Schan herd 150 cows 26,000 RHA SCC 150
200,000 6 row barn / mattresses
Swing 10 parlor Recent winter issues Teat
problems! Milk equip / proc? Stress?
Does the herd have a problem and how big? WHAT
SHOULD WE DO?
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Mike S. Dairy
Does herd have problem? What time of year? What
group of cows?
NOW WHAT?
80 Jersey cows (was 110 but culling) Double 7
swing parlor strip, dip, dry Post dips and dry
treats Old freestall barn converted to bedded
pack? Some nutrition issues?
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Dave and Kim Dairy 100 cow 27,000 RHA Sand
freestalls (3 row) Milking proc / equip?
Does herd have problem? What time of year? What
group of cows?
NOW WHAT?
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WDW DAIRY - SD

• 70 cows not on DHI test
• bedded outside pack
• Predip / dry / no strip
• never see mastitis never dry treat!
• dirty, wild cows
• Old herringbone w / poor lighting
• 80 herd fresh Nov. Dec.

DOES HERD HAVE PROBLEM? NOW WHAT?
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DIFFERENTIAL BACT COUNTS
PI
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Pile stalls
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LAST BUT NOT LEAST SV FARMS
13O cows 25,000 RHA SCC 50-60,000 (awards) Used
to DHI test / no more CMT aggressively /
treat Sand freestall barn / parlor Exc. Milking
proc. / equip.
Keep treating? How long? With what? NOW WHAT???
Jan Feb 2007 concerns! SCC 100,000 Treating
10-15 herd (clin) Non-responsive to treatment!
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TWO MINUTE DRILL!!!
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Im all milked out!
Thanks!
Thats all folks!