Heat on the Earths Surface

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Heat on the Earths Surface
http//www.exploratorium.edu/climate/atmosphere/da
ta/ceres2-2.jpg
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VOCABULARY REVIEW

• Radiation
• Convection
• Conduction
• Density

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Heat on the Earths Surface

• The Earths surface is part of the Earth System.
• The Earth System consists of the Geosphere,
  Hydrosphere, Atmosphere and Biosphere
• Which of Earths 4 spheres would Earths surface
  belong to?
• Geosphere

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Heat Transfer Review

• What are the 3 ways that heat is transferred?
• Conduction, Convection and Radiation
• Which source of heat is responsible for the
  majority of the heat found at Earths surface?
• Radiation from the Sun

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New Vocabulary

• Latitude
• Longitude
• Equator
• North Pole
• South Pole

• Prime Meridian
• Differential Heating
• Latitudinal Bands
• Hadley Cell
• Ferrell Cell
• Polar Cell

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Finding Places on the Earth

• There are imaginary lines called lines of
  LATITUDE and lines of LONGITUDE

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Lines of Latitude

• Lines of latitude circle the Earth from East to
  West
• They are measured in degrees North or South from
  the Equator
• The Equator is the 0º line of latitude that
  circles around the center of the Earth from East
  to West

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Lines of Latitude

• The EQUATOR is a line of latitude that marks the
  circumference of the Earth because it goes around
  the center from East to West
• The equator divides the Earth into two halves or
  hemispheres
• A Northern hemisphere that has a pole called the
  North Pole
• A Southern hemisphere that has a pole called the
  South Pole

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Lines of Latitude

• Lines of latitude are measured from 0º to 90º
  either North or South from the Equator to the
  North Pole or the South Pole so they help to
  locate a place North or South of the equator
• Each degree of latitude has 60 equal parts called
  minutes (the symbol )
• Each minute has 60 equal parts called seconds
  (the symbol )
• The exact location of Magnolia High School
  Latitude is 33 48' 57N.

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Latitude
MHS located somewhere along the red line.
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Lines of Longitude

• Lines of Longitude combined with lines of
  latitude will give the precise location of a place

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Lines of Longitude

• Lines of Longitude tell how far East or West of
  the Prime Meridian a place is
• The Prime Meridian is the 0º circle that runs
  from pole to pole and also runs through
  Greenwich, England

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Greenwich, England
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RAF Chicksands, England (just for fun)
The elephant cage
The haunted Priory
Ms. Bs Air Force Unit
Katrina and the Waves!!
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OK, lets find Magnolia High School

• On your map locate the following coordinates
• 33 48' 57N 117 58' 11W

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Heating Earths Surface

• Mostly done by the Sun
• The Sun heats the surface of the Earth unevenly.
  This is called Differential Heating.
• The Earth is heated more at the equator and less
  at the poles
• Differential heating is responsible for
  circulation patterns in the atmosphere

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Circulation Patterns in the Atmosphere

• The Earths ATMOSPHERE is defined as the mixture
  of gasses that surround us

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Circulation Patterns in the Atmosphere Graph
Interpretation Exercise

• Go to Figure 1 on page 547 in your text and
  locate the composition of Earths atmosphere.
• What is the percent of each type of gas?
• Nitrogen 78
• Oxygen 21
• Argon 0.9
• Other gases 0.1
• Is there water in the atmosphere? If so, how
  much? (hint, you may need to turn the page in
  your book!)
• Dry air has about 1 water vapor
• Moist air can have up to 4 water vapor

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Circulation Patterns in the Atmosphere

• Earths surface transfers heat to the atmosphere
  this means that the air becomes warmer!
• The warm, moist air rises and expands
• There is less pressure as you go up in the
  atmosphere, this is why the molecules can expand!

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Circulation Patterns in the Atmosphere

• The moisture in the air is released as
  precipitation a big word for rain!

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Circulation Patterns in the Atmosphere

• Near the equator, the warmed air will then travel
  north or south away from the equator
• It becomes cooler and then descends back to the
  Earths surface
• When it returns back to Earths surface at the
  equator, it is cold and dry.
• These circulation patterns are also known as
  what?
• CONVECTION CELLS
• Now, use the space provided on your handout to
  sketch a convection cell as you might see in the
  atmosphere.
• Compare your sketch with your partner.

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Circulation Cells

• There are 3 convection cells that form above and
  below the equator because of movement of warm and
  cold air
• Hadley cells form between the equator and 30ºN
  and 30ºS
• ferrell cells between 30º and 60º
• Polar cells between 60º and 90º (the pole)

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Circulation Cells

• This means that wet climates are usually found at
  the equator, dry climates at about 30º north and
  south, wet climates again at 60º north and south
  and dry again at the poles
• The cells create latitudinal bands of deserts and
  rain forests

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What do you think? In your handout, write down 3
observations you can make about the biome map
below
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Concept Check

• Heating of the Earth comes from where?
• The Sun
• Sunlight is stronger at the equator than at the
  poles. This causes what?
• Differential Heating
• Convection in the atmosphere is caused by what?
• Differential Heating

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LETS REVIEW

• The Earth System consists of the Geosphere,
  Hydrosphere, Atmosphere and Biosphere
• Lines of Latitude and Longitude help us to locate
  places on the planet
• The equator is 0º Latitude and the Prime Meridian
  is 0º Longitude
• Differential heating creates circulation patterns
  in the atmosphere
• These circulation patterns are called circulation
  or convection cells

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NOW, COMPLETE THE ACTIVITY AT THE END OF THE
HANDOUT
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Circulation Patterns in the Oceans

• Differential heating of the Earth also causes
  large circulation patterns in the oceans
• The circulation patterns, called currents are
  driven by differences in water temperatures

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MAJOR OCEAN SURFACE CURRENTS
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Circulation Patterns in the Oceans

• These currents have the ability to redistribute
  heat around the Earth
• Water vapor can easily transport heat what type
  of heat transport is this?
• convection

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Circulation Patterns in the Oceans

• Water is evaporated at lower latitudes and is
  released as precipitation at higher latitudes
• Because of this, our poles are warmer than we
  might expect and the equatorial areas slightly
  cooler

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Earth and Sun Relationship

• Does the Earth rotate around the Sun, or does the
  Sun rotate around the Earth?
• We have learned that the Sun does not heat the
  Earth equally in all areas, this is because the
  Suns energy reaching the Earth is strongest at
  the equator

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So does the Sun rotate around the Earth, or does
the Earth rotate around the Sun?
The Earth rotates around the Sun!
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Earths Tilt

• Earth takes one year, or 365.2 days, to orbit, or
  travel, around the Sun. At the same time, it
  spins on its axis (an imaginary line joining the
  North and South poles). As it spins, Earth is
  tilted on its axis at an angle of 23.5.
• Different amounts of solar energy reach each
  hemisphere at different times
• So, it is Earths tilt that causes our 4 seasons

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The Ocean and the Atmosphere
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The Ocean and the Atmosphere

• Are connected because they are both part of the
  Earth System (Hydrosphere and Atmosphere, 2 of
  the 4 spheres)
• Ocean waters move because more dense waters sink
  and driving oceanic circulation patterns
• Exchange heat and therefore regulate global
  climates by moving heat from the equator to the
  poles

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