Climate Change, Adaptation

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Climate Change, Adaptation Sustainable
Development Experience Challenges
Joseph M. Konno FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA
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Presentation Outline

• CLIMAP Project
• Approach/Process
• The setting
• Case Studies
• Road
• Community
• National SDP
• Linkages to SD
• Challenges

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
ADB
CLIMAP

• IMPLEMENTATION Asian Development BankSOURCE
  OF FUNDING Canadian GovernmentDURATION One
  Year (ends August, 2004)EXECUTION Maunsell Ltd,
  in association with International Global
  Change Institute (IGCI) Government of FSM
• Government of Cook Islands

Note Contents of this presentation may not
reflect the views or polices of these institutions
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Purpose of Project

• Demonstrating
• A risk-based approach to adaptation
• Mainstreaming adaptation in development programs
• Implementation
• Mainstreaming adaptation in ADBs operations
• Through case studies
• Cook Islands
• Federated States of Micronesia

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Risk-based Methodology
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Risk-based Methodology

• Appropriateness of a risk-based approach to
  adaptation

Vulnerability Assessment
Adaptation
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The PROCESS
Climate Proofing is shortand for reducing, to
acceptable levels, the risks due to climate
variability and change, including extreme events
Reflecting Climate Risks in National Development
Planning Demonstrated by Climate Proofing
FSMs National Strategic Development Plans
Immediate, Project Level
Long Term, National Level
Reflecting Climate Risks in Landuse Planning,
Regulations and Permitting Demonstrated
by Climate Proofing Sapwohn Village, Sokehs
Reflecting Climate Risks in Infrastructure
Design and Local Level Decision
Making Demonstrated by Climate Proofing the
Kosrae Road
Cimate Proofed Development Enabling
Environment
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FSM Case Studies
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Climate Proof the Design of RS4
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Climate Proofing RS4 Design

• Current design for 1 in 23 year event 7 inches
  per hour (179mm per hour)
• By 2050 this would be a 1 in 13 year event
• 1 in 25 year rainfall event in 2050 is 10 inches
  per hour (256mm per hour)
• Difference is approx. 80mm per hour

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Cost-Benefit Analysis of Climate Proofing Parts
of the Circumferential Road in Kosrae

• New Road Section
  (3.9 miles)
• Cost to Build Road
• Original Design
  1,894,647
• Climate Proofed Design
  2,405,811
• Adaptation Cost
  511,164
• Internal Rate of Return 11

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Accumulated Costs RS4 (to be built)
Current Design
Climate Proofed
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Climate Proofing Sahpwon Community

• (Regulations should be climate proofed to allow
  enforcement of polices and regulations)
• Climate Change Impacts Adaptations have been
  incorporated in to existing EIA Regulations, Land
  Use Plans and Health Regulations and other
  permitting process
• State Team has been set up to undertake further
  risk assessments at state community levels

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Climate Proofing the Building Code EIA
Regulations

• Allow for surface flooding as a result of hourly
  rainfall intensities of at least 400 mm (such an
  event has a projected return period of 25 years
  in 2050)
• Allow for possibility of wind gusts exceeding 130
  mph (this event has a projected return period of
  25 years in 2050 current practice is to use 120
  mph as the design wind speed).

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FSMs National Strategic Development Plan is
Climate Proofed

• INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR
• Infrastructure designed, located, built and
  maintained to avoid unacceptable risks to
  infrastructure associated with natural hazards,
  including weather and climate extremes,
  variability and change.
• Conduct risk assessments at state level and
  develop national- and state-level guidelines to
  ensure risks to infrastructure development
  projects are identified and addressed in a cost
  effective manner at the design stage.

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Environment Sector

• Mainstream environmental considerations,
  including climate change, in economic development
  
• . Strategies and plans that address
  unacceptable risks to the natural environment and
  built assets, including those arising from
  natural hazards such as weather and climate
  extremes, variability and change.

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Environmental Sector..

• Develop and implement integrated environmental
  and resource management objectives that enhance
  resilience of coastal and other ecosystems to
  natural hazards such as those associated with
  extreme weather events, climate change, high
  tides and sea-level rise.
• Determine impact of climate change on the tuna
  industry as a result of such effects as changed
  migration patterns of Pacific tuna stocks, and
  implement strategies to minimize impacts on this
  important industry.
• . All the Federated States of Micronesia
  communities will develop and implement risk
  reduction strategies to address natural hazards
  such as those related to current weather and
  climate extremes and variability, while at the
  same time preparing for anticipated impacts of
  climate change.

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Health Sector

• . Climate variability and change, including
  sea-level rise, are important determinants of
  health and of growing concern in the Federated
  States of Micronesia .
• ..Potential health impacts which have been
  identified include vector-borne diseases (such
  as dengue fever and malaria), water-borne
  diseases (such as viral and bacterial diarrhoea),
  diseases related to toxic algae (such as
  ciguatera fish poisoning which is important in
  the Federated States of Micronesia where the
  protein source is predominantly fish), food-borne
  diseases, food security and nutrition, heat
  stress, air pollution, and extreme weather and
  climate events.

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Status of SDP

• Adopted during FSM 3rd Economic Summit held March
  28-April 2, 2004
• Passed and signed in to law by FSM National
  Congress
• It is now the guiding document for the Country
  for the next 20 years.

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Linkages to Sustainable Development

• The SDP provides an enabling environment that
  fosters climate proofed development, and the
  links with sustainable development,
• Climate proofing regulations (e.g. EIA) provide
  legal support for compliance to SDP, and ensure
  development projects are also climate proofed and
  supports sustainable development
• Climate proofing development projects minimize
  long term costs, improve returns on investments
  and sustainability of projects
• The risk-based approach also links to sustainable
  development by identifying those risks to future
  generations that present generations would find
  unacceptable.

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Challenges

• Data (climate, health, etc) not available,
  scattered, fragmented, not/difficult accessible
• Resources to continue the process is limited
• Accessing funding for adaptation cost
• Defining acceptable risk

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Lessons Learned

• Policy Makers have limited budget to allocate
  among competing needs, quantifying risks,
  adaptation costs and benefits improves their
  understanding
• Incorporate climate change/adaptation in to
  existing processes.
• Climate proofing at three levels (project,
  community, national) enhances the whole process.

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GRACIAS
THE END