Development of the IATA Safety Management System

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The Challenges of Authorizing the Implementation
of New Technologies
The Regulators Challenge Keeping Pace with
Technological and Organisational Change
Michael Daniel 25 March 2004
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The Rate of Change in Industry Exceeds The Rate
of Change in Regulatory Oversight
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Are We Prepared For Change?
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Where To Get StartedICAO Member State
ObligationsAir Operator Certification and
Authorization Process
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(No Transcript)
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Where To Get StartedThe Critical Elements
Resolution
Surveillance
Licensing and Certification
Qualified Technical Personnel
Technical Guidance
CAA Structure
Operating Regulations
Aviation Legislation
ICAO Doc 9734-AN/959 The Establishment and
Management of a States Safety Oversight System
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ICAO Doc 8335-AN/879
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Some NT Challenges to Apply EFVS, EFB, RVSM,
RNP, ETOPS

• Global Positioning System (GPS) Landing Systems
• Ground-based/Space-based Augmentation Systems
• Data link communication
• RNP (Reqd Nav Perf)
• RCP (Reqd Comm Perf)
• RMP (Reqd Monitoring Perf)
• RNAV (Area Navigation)
• VNAV (Vertical Nav)
• ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance
  Broadcast)
• Electronic Flight Bags
• Head-up Displays
• Head-mounted displays
• Enhanced Vision
• Synthetic Vision
• Weather displays
• Terrain Awareness Systems
• Microjets
• SATS

• Alerting for runway awareness
• RVSM (Reduced Vertical Separation)
• Turbulence detection systems
• Vertical Situation Displays
• Surface map displays
• Highway-in-the-sky displays
• Traffic displays
• Graphical flight planning
• Cursor control devices
• Multifunction controls
• Electronic checklists
• Electronic charts
• Electronic manuals
• ETOPS
• Multifunction displays
• Night vision goggles
• Wireless technologies
• Unoccupied air vehicles
• On-board Security Systems

Technologies (Partial list)
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Aspen Night
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Approach Lights in Fog
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Final Rule

• Published in the Federal Register January 9,
  2004
• Changes to 14 CFR Parts 91, 121,125 and 135
• Added paragraphs (l) and (m) to 14 CFR Parts
  91.175

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EFVS Rulemaking

• What the rule accomplishes
• Allows the use of new technologies, such as an
  Enhanced Flight Vision System (EFVS) to fly a
  standard straight-in landing instrument approach
  procedure and descend below the decision height
  (DH) or minimum descent altitude to 100 feet
  above the touchdown zone elevation.
• Allows pilot to use an EFVS to determine
  enhanced flight visibility.
• Promotes technology that enhances safety and
  improves situational awareness.
• Allows use of visual sensor technology Infrared,
  Millimeter Wave, Low Light Level, etc.

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EFVS Rulemaking

• What the rule accomplishes
• Introduces EFVS to Part 121, 125, 129 135
  operations via OPSPEC
• Allows Part 91 operations
• Requires an FAA approved system for operational
  use.
• System Requirements
• Head-up display
• Sensor imagery and flight symbology
• Display characteristics and dynamics suitable for
  manual control of the aircraft.

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EFVS Rulemaking

• What the rule does not include
• Does not provide for use of synthetic vision
  technology to determine enhanced flight
  visibility
• Does not replace CAT II/III operational
  requirements (separate rule)
• Does not allow Operators to descend below the
  DH/MDA without the pilot clearly distinguishing
  the approach lights, or runway threshold and
  touchdown zone (using EFVS)
• Does not restrict type of instrument approach
  procedure.

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Electronic Flight BagsWhy is it called an EFB ?

• Portable Electronic Devices (PEDs) have been
  approved to replace paper flight bag products
• Airplane Flight Manuals
• Performance information
• Checklists
• Aeronautical charts) includes approach plates
  and airport diagrams
• Thus the term Electronic Flight Bag entered the
  aviation lexicon
• With the EFB AC, EFBs systems may now be used
  during all phases of flight
• May use COTS Commercial Off-The-Shelf-Software

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Airport Surface Map Depiction
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B777 EFB Side Display
A320 (JBU)
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B737 Classic (SWA)
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EFB (Type A B) Applications
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EFB AC 120-76A Intended Function

• EFB AC provides guidance material to transition
  from traditional paper products to an electronic
  format
• AC 120-76A published on March 17, 2003
• Aircraft Certification Service design approvals
• Flight Standards Service operational approvals
• EFB AC (by itself) is not intended for use as an
  open world avionics architecture
• EFB AC is not intended to conflict with or
  supersede existing communication, navigation, and
  surveillance (CNS) policy
• EFB AC may be used in combination with other FAA
  approved guidance material to add additional CNS
  functionality

• Part 129, Foreign operators
• For entry into U.S. airspace, EFB subject to
  foreign State CAA approvals
• FAA approval not required unless an N
  registered aircraft

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EFB AC 120-76A Applicability

• EFB AC 120-76A applicability
• EFB AC does not constitute a regulation but sets
  forth an acceptable means, but not the only
  means, for operators conducting flight operations
  under Title 14 CFR parts 91, 121, 125, 129 or
  135, to obtain both certification and approval
  for the operational use of EFB systems
• CFR Part 91 clarification
• Applies to 14 CFR 91, Subpart F, large and
  turbine powered multi-engine aircraft
• Applies to other part 91 operators if EFB
  replaces any system required by the regulations

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EFB Websites

• www.cmcelectronics.ca/efb/ct1000g.htm
• www.cdev.com/products/com1sys/ops1.html
• " " " " " /omt1.html
• www.northcoastaerospace.com
• www.avrotec.com/productinfo.html
• www.skyforce.co.uk/prods.htm
• www.echoflight.com
• www.jeppesen.com/genav/fltplng
• www.rmstek.com/frmain.htm

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RVSM Implemented PlannedAs of JANUARY 2004
Canada North 4/02
Canada South 1/05
Europe 1/02
Domestic US 1/05
NAT 3/97
Mid East 11/03
Pacific 2/00
Pacific 2/00
EUR/SAM Corridor 1/02
WATRS 11/01
Western Pacific South China Sea 2/02
Asia/Europe South of Himalayas 11/ 03
CAR/SAM 2005
Australia 11/01
Implemented
Planned
V. 6.8 5-23-02
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LOWER 48 STATES 1230Z TO 1530Z
ATCSCC Actions 1306Z ZNY GS 1311Z ZBW GS 1326Z
GS all centers 1345Z All centers to
land airborne traffic ASAP
FLIGHT KEY MILITARY
OTHER U.S. TRAFFIC
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Regulatory References

• ICAO Annex 6, Operation of Aircraft, Part 1,
  7.2.3
• ICAO Doc. 9574 Manual on Implementation of a 300
  m (1,00ft) Vertical Separation
• 91-RVSM and TGL 6 Guidance material on the
  Approval of Operators/Aircraft for RVSM

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GUIDANCE

• PUBLISHED 8300.10 Chapter 5 Section 1
• Published 8700.23
• Published 8700.26
• Published HBAT 03-06
• DRAFT Aeronautical Information Manual
• Advance NOTAM

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AIRCRAFT RVSM COMPLIANCE

• For aircraft manufactured RVSM-compliant, the FAA
  determines if the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) or
  Type Certificate Data Sheet contain a statement
  of RVSM eligibility.

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Operations Programs

• For part 91 operators, the FAA accepts the
  operators RVSM operations program.
• For part 121 and 135 operators, the FAA approves
  the operators RVSM operations program

Foreign (part 129) operators of US registered
aircraft will be issued Part 129 OpSpec
paragraphs B046 and D092.
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TCAS EQUIPAGE

• TCAS is required by CFR Part 121. 356, 125.224,
  129.18, 135.180
• TCAS is not specifically required for RVSM
  anywhere in the world
• Part 91 APP. G requires that if an aircraft is
  TCAS II Equipped, in RVSM Airspace it must have
  be modified with Version 7

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Access to Information

• FAA RVSM and DRVSM website
• www.faa.gov/ats/ato/rvsm1.htm
• Shows RVSM program status in airspace worldwide
• RVSM Documentation page contains
• RVSM Approval Checklist
• Documents necessary to RVSM authorization
• Manufacturer contacts
• Listing of RVSM compliance docs (e.g., SB, STC)

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Acrobat Document
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ETOPS REFERENCES

• FAA AC 120-42A
• HBAT 98-21
• HBAT 97-04
• HBAW 94-03
• HBAW 97-03
• ICAO Annex 6, 4.4.7 and Attachment E
• ICAO Doc. 9760, Airworthiness Manual

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Performance Based Navigation Roadmap

• RNAV and RNP are key building blocks of a
  performance-based NAS
• The Roadmap has been developed as part of the
  collaborative effort among aviation industry
  stakeholders
• Divided into three planning periods
• Near-term 2003 and 2006
• Mid-term 2007 and 2012
• Far-term 2013 and 2020
• Operational capabilities are described for all
  phases of flight
• En route (including oceanic)
• Terminal - Standard Terminal Arrivals (STARs) and
  Standard Instrument Departures (SIDs)
• Approach

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Performance Based Navigation
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New Technology SuccessesThe Process of
Achieving Aviation Safety
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Early regulation ATC Towers Radar Ground-air
Radio at ARTCCs Radio altimeters Jet
Engines VOR/DME ILS to Autopilot (Precision
Approaches)
Automated ARTCCs TCAS GPWS Mode-C 6-Axis
Simulators CRM Cabin Safety Avionics CRT Displays
Diagnostics One Level of Safety
Accident Rate

Fatal Accident Rate
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Thank You
Sharing Experiences and Information
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Thank You!
Sharing Experiences and Information
International Co-hosted Seminar Hong Kong CAD
FAA New Technologies Seminar Hong Kong June
2004 FAA Website