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Introduction to Control Systems

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Control systems exist abundantly in all ... History of automatic control (cont'd) ... The goal of control engineering design is to obtain the configuration, ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Introduction to Control Systems


1
Introduction to Control Systems
  • Modern Control Systems
  • Lecture 1

2
Outline
  • The concept of control systems
  • History of automatic control
  • An example automobile steering control system
  • Engineering design
  • Control system design

3
What is a control system?
  • A control system is an interconnection of
    components forming a system configuration that
    will provide a desired system response.
  • (Underlying assumption cause-effect
    relationship)
  • Control systems exist abundantly in all
    disciplines of engineering, e.g., we have
  • - Pressure control systems - Speed control
    systems
  • - Computer control systems - Traffic control
    systems

4
A mobile phone has many control systems.
  • Power Control
  • Inner loop power control
  • Outer loop power control
  • Automatic Gain Control (AGC)
  • Automatic Frequency Control (AFC)
  • Closed-loop transmit diversity
  • etc

5
  • Open-loop control systems
  • Any example???
  • Closed-loop control systems
  • Feedback is the foundation for control system
    analysis design.

6
History of automatic control
  • In 1769, Watts flyball governor.

7
History of automatic control (contd)
  • In 1868, J.C. Maxwells mathematical model for a
    governor control of a steam engine.
  • Prior to World War II, frequency domain approach
    was used in the U.S. and Europe (eg Bode,
    Nyquist). In contrast, Russians utilized a time
    domain formulation.
  • During World War II, military needs brought a big
    impetus to the study of automatic control.
  • In 1950s, s-plane methods were dominant, eg root
    locus.
  • During 1980s and 1990s, the use of digital
    computers/microprocessors for control became
    routine.
  • Control engineering continues to develop!!!

8
An example automobile steering control system
  • A simple block diagram
  • This feedback system is similar to that used in
    an ocean liner or flight control.

9
  • The driver uses the difference between the actual
    and the desired direction of travel to adjust the
    steering wheel.

10
  • A typical direction-of-travel response is

11
  • Generally, the configuration of a negative
    feedback control systems is shown as

Output
Control device (Controller)
Actuator
Process (Plant)
Input

-
Sensor
Measured output
12
Engineering design
  • Engineering design is a complex process
    associated with creativity, analysis, synthesis
    and iteration.
  • Factors/challenges involved
  • Specifications
  • Complexity of design
  • Trade-off
  • Risk
  • Design gaps
  • Optimisation

13
Control system design
  • The design of control systems is a specific
    example of engineering design.
  • The goal of control engineering design is to
    obtain the configuration, specifications, and
    identification of the key parameters of a
    proposed system to meet an actual need.

14
Control system design process
15
Control science provides finesse
  • Sensors
  • Provide Vision
  • Actuators
  • Provide Muscle
  • Control
  • Provides Finesse
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