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Ralph Witte

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0.08 lb/MMBtu CO Natural Gas. 0.04 lb/MMBtu CO No. 2 Fuel Oil ... and heaters less than 1 million British thermal units (Btu) per hour except ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Ralph Witte


1
Wood-Fired Boilers The Environmental
Considerations and Ohio EPA RequirementsCommunity
Energy Solutions Workshop January 16, 2009
  • Ralph Witte
  • Environmental Engineer
  • Ohio EPA Office of Compliance Assistance and
    Pollution Prevention

2
What is OCAPP?
  • OCAPP is an independent, non-regulatory office
    within Ohio EPA.
  • It is a one-stop location for assistance with
    environmental regulations, compliance concerns,
    and pollution prevention.
  • OCAPP will answer questions on air, waste, water,
    and other Ohio EPA requirements.

3
OCAPP Services
  • Toll-free hotline for Ohio EPA questions
  • Assistance with permit applications
  • On-site compliance or pollution prevention
    assessments
  • Easy-to-understand publications
  • Web site
  • http//www.epa.state.oh.us/ocapp/ocapp.html

4
Air Pollutants Emitted From Wood Boilers
  • Particulate Matter (PM) is the primary air
    pollutant of regulatory concern.
  • Emissions also include
  • Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) and Carbon Monoxide (CO)
  • Lesser amounts of Volatile Organic Compounds
    (VOC) and Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAP)
  • Also Greenhouse Gases such as CO2, Methane, etc.
    (Currently Unregulated)

5
What Factors Determine Air Emissions?
  • Fuel Source and Type
  • Wood Characteristics (Type, Moisture Content, Btu
    Content, etc.)
  • Boiler Design

6
What Other Factors Affect Emissions?
  • Operating Conditions / Combustion Quality
  • Air Pollution Control Equipment Mechanical
    Collectors (Cyclones, etc.), Scrubbers, ESPs,
    Filters
  • High Moisture Content or Poor Operating
    Conditions Generally Increase Emissions

7
Typical Uncontrolled Boiler Emissions
  • Particulate Matter
  • 0.40 lb/million Btu (MMBtu) heat input Dry Wood
  • 0.007 lb/MMBtu Natural Gas
  • 0.01 lb/MMBtu No. 2 Fuel Oil

8
Typical Uncontrolled Boiler Emissions
  • NOx
  • 0.49 lb/MMBtu Dry Wood
  • 0.10 t0 0.25 lb/MMBtu Natural Gas
  • 0.14 to 0.17 lb/MMBtu No. 2 Fuel Oil
  • CO
  • 0.60 lb/MMBtu Dry Wood
  • 0.08 lb/MMBtu CO Natural Gas
  • 0.04 lb/MMBtu CO No. 2 Fuel Oil
  • Emission Factors obtained from USEPA AP-42
    Chapters 1.6 (9/03), 1.4 (7/98) and 1.3 (9/98).

9
Ohio EPA Air Permit Requirements
  • All air pollution sources require Ohio EPA
    installation and operating permits unless a
    regulatory exemption applies.
  • De Minimis exemption for very small sources
  • lt 10 pounds per day of any pollutant
  • Specific regulatory exemption for
  • Wood fuel-fired boilers and heaters less than 1
    million British thermal units (Btu) per hour
    except those units that burn waste fuel or oil.

10
Ohio EPA Air Permit Requirements
  • Permit requirements and emission limits are
    dependent on
  • Boiler Type and Size
  • Fuel Type
  • Emissions Potential
  • Air Pollution Control Technology - i.e., Best
    Available Technology (BAT) Requirements

11
Ohio EPA Air Permit Requirements
  • Each permit is source-specific, based on the
    particular boiler specifications.
  • If maximum annual emissions of all pollutants are
    less than 10 tons per year, best control
    technology (i.e., BAT) requirements do not apply.

12
Ohio EPA Air Permit Requirements
  • A typical Ohio EPA air permit requires
  • Compliance with Emission Limits (Rule-Based
    Standards or BAT)
  • Monitoring
  • Record Keeping
  • Reporting
  • Periodic Emissions Testing
  • Fees
  • One-Time Permit Fee
  • Based on source type and size
  • Annual Emissions Fee
  • Based on emissions quantity

13
Ohio EPA Air Permit Application Process
  • Prepare and Submit Appropriate Permit Application
    Forms
  • Ohio EPA Performs Completeness Review
  • Additional Information Requested if Application
    is Incomplete
  • Ohio EPA Performs Technical Review Once
    Application is Complete
  • Additional Technical Information Requested, If
    Required
  • Permit Issued Upon Completion of Review and
    Satisfaction of all Regulatory Requirements
  • OCAPP can help!

14
Additional Environmental Considerations
  • Fuel Handling and Storage
  • Fugitive Dust
  • Storm Water
  • Ash Disposal
  • Solid Waste Requirements
  • Potential for Complaints
  • Smoke, Odor, Etc.
  • Operator
  • Proper operation minimizes emissions

15
Other Important Considerations
  • Confirm that the unit you are planning to buy
    will comply with the applicable requirements!
  • Timing
  • Allow sufficient time to obtain all necessary
    permits prior to construction and operation
  • Communication
  • Discuss your project with Ohio EPA early in the
    planning process and regularly throughout the
    review of your permit application in order to
    prevent problems.

16
Proposed Outdoor Wood-Fired Boiler Rules
  • Draft Rules Issued February, 2008
  • Proposed Rules Establish Standards For
  • Particulate Emissions
  • Certification of New Units
  • Stack Height
  • Setback (Location Restrictions)
  • Fuel Type
  • Etc.
  • Currently On Hold to Allow Ohio EPA to Review
    Over 1000 Comments Received

17
For more information
OCAPP web site http//www.epa.state.oh.us/ocapp
/ocapp.html OCAPP hotline 1-800-329-7518 In
Southeast Ohio, contact Ralph Witte
740-380-5241 ralph.witte_at_epa.state.oh.us
18
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