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Title: Floodplain%20Dynamics%20and


1
Floodplain Dynamics and Carbon Fluxes John M.
Melack University of California, Santa Barbara
2
Key aspects of floodplain systems   Amplitude
, frequency, predictability of
flooding   Vegetative cover and extent of open
water
3
Cabaliana floodplain Flooded forest, woodland,
and shrub vegetation
Upper and lower left high water Lower right low
water
4
Cabaliana floodplain Aquatic macrophyte
(floating meadow) vegetation
Upper and lower left high water Lower center and
right low water
5
Functional Characterization of Floodplains B
asinwide analyses using a classification system
suitable for multiple applications
Biogeochemical and hydrologic modeling
Resource management and development planning
6
Analysis Approach Characteristics
detectable using satellite remote sensing satisfy
the key requirements Vegetation
structure Inundation periodicity
7
Inundation and aquatic vegetation An Amazon
example
8
Central Amazon Wetlands Mapping from JERS-1
Mosaics (100 m resolution)
9
Cabaliana Floodplain
High Water
Low Water
Water Bare or herbaceous, non-flooded Herbaceous,
flooded Shrub, non-flooded
Shrub, flooded Woodland, flooded Forest,
non-flooded Forest, flooded
10
Digital videography for validation
11
Evaluate evasion of CO2 from rivers and
floodplains in central Amazon basin
  Remotely-sensed and geomorphically-derived
estimates of inundation Measurements of dissolved
CO2 Calculation of CO2 evasion to the
atmosphere Richey, J.E., J.M. Melack, A.K.
Aufdenkampe, V.M. Ballester, and L. Hess. 2002.
Nature 416 617-620.
12
Inundation in Amazon Rivers
2
5
2
0
1
5
Flooded Area (x 104 km2)
1
0
5
0
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
13
What are fluxes of carbon associated with rivers
and wetlands in the Amazon?   Basin-wide, evasion
of CO2 from rivers and wetlands to the atmosphere
is about 0.5 Gt C y-1.   Amazon River export to
the ocean is 0.036 Gt C y-1 of organic carbon and
0.035 Gt C y-1 of dissolved inorganic carbon.
14
Evaluate evasion of methane from Amazon
wetlands   Remotely-sensed estimates of
seasonally of inundation and wetland
vegetation Measurements of methane emission from
wetland habitats (open water, flooded forests and
floating macrophytes)
15
Lowland Amazon Basin (lt500 m asl) (5.19 million
km2)
Methane Emission 22 Tg C y-1   Greenhouse
gas potential 0.5 Pg C y-1 as CO2
16
Carbon budget for Amazon basin, summed over
terrestrial and aquatic environments, appears
closer to being in balance than inferred from
upland data alone.
17
Exchanges In Floodplain Systems
18
Lake Calado Inputs N() P() Direct
rainfall 8 6 Surface runoff 42 11 Groundwater 8
19 Adjacent lakes 8 13 Amazon River 24 51
19
How does water flow through these environments?
100 Inundated
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