CDF Presentation 1

1

The ESA Concurrent Design Facility (CDF)
Concurrent Engineering applied to space missions
assessment - Massimo Bandecchi Head of
Concurrent Design Unit ESA/ESTEC Noordwijk - NL
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CE a definition

• Concurrent Engineering is a systematic
  approach to integrated product development that
  emphasises the response to customer expectations.
  It embodies team values of cooperation, trust and
  sharing, in such a manner that decision making is
  by consensus, involving all perspectives in
  parallel, from the beginning of the product
  life-cycle.

collaborative
collective
co-operative
simultaneous .
3
Why do we need Concurrent Engineering?

• To overcome the communication gaps between the
  designer (who produces design information) and
  the user (who utilises the design information)

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Possible Approaches to System Design
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CDF what is it?

• An integrated design environment for
  interdisciplinary applications
• initially (Nov.1998) conceived for the assessment
  and conceptual design of future space missions
  (i.e. internal pre-phase A / level 0 studies)
• featuring
• team orientated (concurrent) collaborative
  engineering
• integration of tools, project data, mission and
  system models
• model driven, on-line- real-time design
• co-operation, interaction, iterations

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CDF the achievements

• Activities performed
• 30 (potential) future missions studied and
  designed at pre-Phase A (conceptual) level
  (internal studies)
• 6 reviews of Industrial Phase A studies (internal
  Industry)
• 1 joint study with NASA/JPL/PDC-Team X
  (Distributed Concurrent Engineering)
• 4 ISS on-board facilities/experiments
  accommodation studies - Teaming with/supporting
  Industry in Phase A
• Educational, training, promotion and
  standardisation activities
• Performances (typical pre-Phase A study)
• Study duration (Design phase) 3-6 weeks (cp. 6-9
  months!)

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CDF activities (1/2)

• CESAR99 (Central European Sat. for Advance
  Research) ASI
• Solar Orbiter (Study of the Sun and Inner
  Heliosphere) SCI-PF 1
• MISS (Meteo Imager Sounder Satellite) EOPP/Eumetsa
  t
• MeSE (Mercury Surface Element) SCI-PF
• WSO/UV (World Space Observatory) SCI-SA
• Eddington (Stellar Physics Planet Finder
  Telescope) SCI-PF
• MASTER (Mars ASTERoid mission) SCI-PF
• STORMS (3x Constellation for Magnetosphere
  Storms) SCI-PF
• Hyper (Cold atom interferometry) SCI-PF 1
• Ocean Earth Watch (operational mission for Ocean
• 
  and coastal zone monitoring) EOPP 1
• Europa (preliminary assessment) GSP
• Space Weather (3x monitoring missions) GSP/TOS-E
• Mars Exobiology Aurora 2
• 1 Industrial phase
  A initiated 2 Industrial phase A
  initiated under GSP

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CDF activities (2/2)

• Bepi Colombo (review of industrial
  studies) SCI-PF
• SEPM (assessment of electric propulsion) SCI-PF
• Mars Sample Return Aurora 2
• LISA (review of industrial study) SCI-PF
• STEP (Satellite Test of the Equivalence Principle
  - review) SCI-SP
• ISS Dusty Plasma Facility (scientific req.s
  definition) D/MSM
• ISS Droplet Combustion Insert (DCI) D/MSM
• Rosita (Telescope accomm. outside Columbus
  module) D/MSM
• P-Sounder (first case of Instrument Design
  Activity - IDA) EOPP
• AeroCapture demonstrator (ESA/CNES joint
  team) Aurora
• Crew Transportation Vehicle (Soyuz enhance,
  trades) D/MSM
• Human Missions to Mars Aurora
• Socrates (reusable launcher demonstrator) D/LAU
• Education and training
• Students lectures, workshops, courses, training
  of staff
• 2 Industrial phase A
  initiated under GSP

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The ESA project life-cycle
industry
Evolving Applications
.
Phase A
Phase C/D
Phase B
Launch
ESA
.
Pre- Ph. A
SPEC.s
SPEC.s
SPEC.s
Review
Review
FDIR
CDR
Lessons Learned
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CDF approach

• Re-organization of existing tools and human
  resources in a more effective (i.e. concurrent)
  way

Technical domains
ESA corporate
Domain Specialists
Engineering tools DBs
Interfacing
Group
Data sharing
Team
Engineers
System perspective
Integrated Design Environment
CDF
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CDF components

• The concurrent engineering approach is based on
  five key elements
• a process,
• a multi-disciplinary team,
• an integrated design model,
• a facility, and
• a software infrastructure.

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CDF Design Process
Mission Requirements Constraints
Software
Instruments
Attitude determination control
Study Results
Objectives
Data handling
1
Environment
S/C Design
Lifetime
Telemetry tracking command
S/C Configuration
Electrical power
Payload
Launcher
Reliability
3
2
Mission analysis
Risk
Schedule
Thermal control
Simulation
Technology
Dry mass
Operations ground systems
Programmatics
Budget
Options
Study Requirements
Propulsion
Cost
Wet mass
Products
1
Structure
Conceptual model of mission spacecraft design
process
Study Level
Propellant mass
Planning
Launch mass
Adapter
Resources
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CE iterative process
Mission analysis
The Spiral Model
Mission requirements analysis
Sub-system design
Design verification
Cost Analysis
Risk assessment
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CDF Process Elements

• Conducted in sessions
• plenary meeting where representatives of all
  space engineering domains participate from early
  phases (requirement analysis) to end of design
  (costing)
• 6 to 10 sessions/study, 4 hours/session,
  bi-weekly frequency
• team leader co-ordination
• customer participation
• model driven
• real-time collective design
• highly co-operative interactive
• iterations
• design options comparison and trade-offs

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Space Mission Feasibility

Risk
Technical
Programmatics
Cost
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CDF the Team

• Team of ESA specialists (senior and junior!)
• Technical disciplines (CDF positions) selected
  for pre-Phase A studies (according to ESA
  organisation)
• Systems Power
• Instruments Command and Data Handling
• Mission analysis Communications
• Propulsion Ground Systems Operations
• Attitude and Orbit Control Simulation
• Structures/Configuration Programmatics
• Mechanisms/Pyros Risk Assessment
• Thermal Cost Analysis
• Black sub-system level Blue system level
• Red based on hi-end tools

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CDF integrated design model

• model each domain (e.g. s/s) design
• share data between domain models
• interface external tools
• provide user visibility
• Use spreadsheets (Excel)

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CDF Integrated Design Model
Subsystem-1
Domain Specific Tools DBs
Large Data Structures
Programmatics
Subsystem-2
Data Exchange (scalars)

Cost

Presentation Sheets
Calculation Sheets
Outputs Sheet
System
Inputs Sheet
Subsystem-n
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The ESTEC CDF layout
MULTIMEDIA WALL
Team
Doc.n
Leader
Systems
Cost
Customer and Ad-Hoc
Experts
Experts
Customer and Ad-Hoc
Config
.
Risks
Progr
.s
Structure
Mechanisms
Simulation
Instruments
Thermal
AOCS
Power
Propulsion
DHS
Comms
GS Ops
Mission
ESTEC Dh015
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The ESTEC CDF a session
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CE Tools some features

• General tools and domain specific tools
• The use of appropriate tools improves the
  process
• Quick easy parameter evaluation (Real-time)
• Flexible
• Modular
• Interconnectable
• Standard input / output
• Complementary

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CDF SW infrastructure (1/2)
Function
Tools used
System modelling
Excel spreadsheets
Storage area for all data files
NT file server
Project documentation
MS-Word
Electronic communication within
LotusNotes mail
the team
Terminal Server (TSE)
Documentation storage archive
Remote audio/visual communication
Video conferencing Net meeting
General tools
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CDF SW infrastructure (2/2)
Domain
Tools used
Structural design, configuration
CATIA
accommodation
Matrix X, Matlab
AOCS
IMAT, STK, ORION, Swing-by calculator, MASTER
Mission analysis
Mission simulation visualisation
EUROSIM
Programmatics
MS-Project
Cost modelling and estimation
ECOM Cost/Technical Database
Small Satellite Cost Model
Communications
STK
Domain specific tools
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CDF HW Architecture
Domain specific databases
PC Pentium Win XP ...
CDF Team Members (CDF Session)
CDF Environment
ICA Client
Win NT TSE
Win NT
ESA Network
CDF01 Standard Applications Server
CDF02 Development Spec. App.s Server
CDF05 Spec.Tools Back-up Workstation
Data Server
Lotus Notes Archive
Internal Databases
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CDF other applications (1/2)

• CDF for Education
• recent requests and initiatives by some
  university aerospace departments to use the CDF
  (or CDF-type environment) as an educational tool
• Remote co-operative engineering
• the example of STEP, a multi-national project
  where the payload is provided by NASA (Stanford)
  and the S/C Service Module by ESA
• ESTEC CDF / JPL Team X joint design sessions

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ESTEC CDF / JPL Team X STEP joint design sessions
USA (CA) - GMT-7 NASA/JPL
Europe (NL) - GMT2 ESA/ESTEC
CDF (15 p.)
Stanford
ASTRIUM (UK)
PDC Team X (15 p.)
VTC
TC
TC
- MS NetMeeting - FTP
Off-line
TC
Splinter meetings (domain/issue specific)
PDC Project Design Center TC
TeleConference VTC Video TeleConference
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CDF other applications (2/2)

• Instrument Design Activity (IDA) for (complex)
  payloads interfaces to platforms
• Launchers, including reusable launcher concept,
  support to industrial activities, application of
  new technologies
• Human missions, space infrastructure and services
• Phase A Industrial study reviews, model based
  supported by standardised interfaces and data
  structures (ECSS proposal)

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Concurrent Design Centres for Space in the world

• Facility name since
• gt NASA
• NASA/JPL PDC (Project Design Center) 1996
• Team-X (mission design)
• Team-I (instrument design)
• Team-Z
• Every NASA site is (getting) equipped with a CE
  facility
• NASA/JPL Mission System Design Center 2000
• gt US Aerospace industries
• Aerospace Corp. (US) CDC (Concept Design
  Center) 1998
• Lockheed Martin (US) CEE .
• TRW .
• gt European Space Industries
• EADS ASTRIUM SDO (Satellite Design Office
  (D)) 1999

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CDF the performances

• For a typical pre-Phase A study
• Study duration
• Preparation phase (off-line) 2 weeks 2 months
• Design phase (on-line) 3-6 weeks
• Documentation phase (off-line) 1-2 months (!)
• Design sessions
• 6 to 10 sessions, 4 hours each, bi-weekly
• Outputs
• Mid-term presentation (interaction with the
  project team)
• Final presentation
• Reports (technical and cost estimate)
• Simulation (quick-time movie)

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CDF the benefits (1/2)

• For the individual study
• Provide a very consistent mission design (incl.
  technical feasibility, programmatics, risk, cost)
• Facilitate a better understanding of technical
  issues between Scientists and Engineers
• Support fast modification and analysis of new
  mission scenarios with the capability of quick
  and complete design iterations (trade-offs,
  options evaluation, )
• Ensure performance and quality results compatible
  with the trend of new project life cycle (i.e.
  reduced time-span from mission concept to
  spacecraft flight)

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CDF the benefits (2/2)

• For the Agency
• better understanding of technical issues between
  Customer (ESA) and supplier (Industry)
• improving individual skills (system level
  awareness, )
• build-up of corporate knowledge (models,
  databases)
• centralising system-engineering tools as part of
  an integrated facility (CDF as reference for the
  development and procurement of domain specific
  analysis/design tools)
• Effective re-organisation of existing
  resources!

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The future

• Implementation of Data Bases for enhanced data
  management (prototype - internal activity)
• Consolidation of the Integrated Design Model -
  creation of a product IDM (GSP contract
  envisaged for 2004)
• Modelisation optimisation of the design process
  (Advanced Decision Making algorithms
  consultancy contract)
• Distributed Concurrent Design assessment of the
  GRID technology and infrastructure (TRP contract
  envisaged for 2004)
• Assessment of expansion of CE technologies over
  all project-phases (GSP contract envisaged for
  2004)
• Promotion of concurrent design methods in the
  European Network of Centres