Chemistry 102 OUTLINE FOR ACIDBASE

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Chemistry 102OUTLINE FOR ACID-BASE
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I. WATER

• A. Nature and Composition
• B. Importance in Acid-Base Chemistry
• 1. Acid Proton Donor
• 2. Base Proton Acceptor
• 3. Autoionization
• 4. Kw 1 x 10-14

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II. pH SCALE

• A. Technical Definition Acidic 0 7.0
• Practical Definition Acidic 0 - 6.5
• B. Technical Definition Basic 7.0 - 14
  Practical Definition Basic 7.5 14
• C. Technical Definition Neutral 7.0
• Practical Definition Neutral 6.5 - 7.5

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III. ACIDS

• A. Know These Five Strong Acids
• HCl, HBr, HNO3, HClO4 and H2SO4
• B. Weak Acids Ka (partial dissociation)
  and pKa HC2H3O2(acetic acid)
• C. Polyprotics H2CO3(carbonic acid) and
  H3PO4 (phosphoric acid)

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IV. BASES

• A. Know These Five Strong Bases
• LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Mg(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2
• B. Weak Bases Kb (partial dissociation)
• and pKb NH3(ammonia)

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V. CONJUGATE ACID-BASE PAIRS

• A. Weak Acid plus the conjugate base of that same
  weak acid.
• B. Weak Base plus the conjugate acid of that same
  weak base.
• C. Ka x Kb Kw
• D. pKa pKb 14

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VI. SALTS

• A. Salts Of Weak Acids "ARE BASIC
• B. Salts Of Weak Bases "ARE ACIDIC
• C. Neutral Salts "CATION FROM STRONG BASE AND
  ANION FROM STRONG ACID"

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• VII. USING ICE DIAGRAMS FOR
• ACID-BASE PROBLEMS
• You may ignore the "-x" value in the
• Equilibrium Concentration E
• VIII. PRACTICE PROBLEM SET PLUS KEY
• IX. PRACTICE QUIZ PLUS KEY
• X. QUIZ PLUS KEY

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XI. HINTS FOR USE OF SIGNIFICANT FIGURES IN
ACID-BASE PROBLEM SOLVING SITUATIONS

• A. In calculating a pH of a solution with a pH
  between 0 1
• Use the same number of significant figures as in
  the hydrogen ion concentration!
• Example for a 0.11 M solution of acid the pH
  would be 0.96 (2 sig figs).
• B. In calculating a pH of a solution with a pH
  between 1 10
• Use one more significant figure as in the
  hydrogen ion concentration!
• Example for a 0.011 M solution of acid the pH
  would be 1.96 (3 sig figs).
• C. In calculating a pH of a solution with a pH
  between 10 14
• Use two more significant figures as in the
  hydrogen ion concentration!
• Example for a 1.1 x 10-12 M solution of acid
  the pH
• would be 11.96 (4 sig figs).
• D. The same logic will apply for calculating
  pOHs, pKas and pKbs.

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XII. ACID-BASE WORKSHEET

• pH -log H
• pOH -log OH-
• pH pOH 14
• Kw H x OH-
• Kw Ka x Kb 1.0 x 10-14
• pKa -log Ka
• pKb -log Kb
• pKa pKb 14
• conjugate base
• pH pKa log ________________________
  ____________
• acid