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Anatomy and Physiology for Emergency Care

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Compare the similarities between the endocrine and nervous systems ... Describe how endocrine organs are ... The C Cells of the Thyroid Gland: Calcitonin ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Anatomy and Physiology for Emergency Care


1
Anatomy and Physiology for Emergency Care
  • Chapter 11
  • The Endocrine System

2
Objectives
  • Compare the similarities between the endocrine
    and nervous systems
  • Compare the major chemical classes of hormones
  • Explain the general mechanisms of hormonal action
  • Describe how endocrine organs are controlled

3
Objectives
  • Discuss the location, hormones, and functions of
    the following glands and tissues pituitary,
    thyroid, parathyroids, thymus, adrenals, kidneys,
    heart, pancreas, testes, ovaries, and pineal
    gland
  • Explain how hormones interact to produce
    coordinated physiological responses

4
Objectives
  • Identify the hormones that are especially
    important to normal growth, and discuss their
    roles
  • Explain how the endocrine system responds to
    stress
  • Discuss the results of abnormal hormone
    production
  • Discuss the functional relationships between the
    endocrine system and other body systems

5
An Overview of the Endocrine System
6
An Overview of the Endocrine System
  • Structure of Hormones
  • Hormones and the Cell Membrane
  • Hormones and Intracellular Receptors

7
An Overview of the Endocrine System
  • Control of Endocrine Activity
  • Direct Negative Feedback Control
  • Hypothalamus and Endocrine Regulation

8
The Pituitary Gland
  • Anterior Pituitary Gland
  • Hypophyseal Portal System
  • Hypothalamic Control of the Anterior Pituitary
  • Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary
  • TSH
  • ACTH
  • FSH
  • LH
  • PRL
  • GH
  • MSH

9
Anatomy and Orientation of the Pituitary Gland
10
Hypophyseal Portal System
11
Feedback and Control of Endocrine Secretions
12
The Pituitary Gland
  • The Posterior Pituitary Gland
  • ADH
  • Oxytocin

13
Pituitary Hormones and their Targets
14
The Thyroid Gland
  • Thyroid Follicles and Thyroid Hormones
  • The C Cells of the Thyroid Gland Calcitonin

15
Homeostatic Regulation of Calcium Ion
Concentrations
16
The Parathyroid Glands
  • PTH

17
The Thymus
  • Relatively enormous in newborns
  • Reaches maximum size just before puberty
  • Thymosins
  • Key role in development and maintenance of normal
    immunological defenses

18
The Adrenal Glands
  • The Adrenal Cortex
  • Corticosteroids
  • Mineralcorticoids
  • Androgens
  • The Adrenal Medulla

19
The Kidneys
  • Calcitriol
  • Erythropoietin
  • Renin

20
The Heart
  • Cardiac muscle cells in right atrium
  • Atrial natriuetic peptide (ANP)

21
Endocrine Tissues of the Digestive System
  • The Pancreas
  • Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentrations

22
Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentrations
23
Endocrine Tissues of the Reproductive System
  • The Testes
  • Interstitial cells
  • Androgens
  • Testosterone
  • Sustentacular cells
  • The Ovaries
  • Follicles
  • Estrogens
  • Corpus luteum
  • Progesterone

24
The Pineal Gland
  • Melatonin
  • Slows the timing of sexual maturity
  • Acts as an antioxidant
  • Establishes day-night cycles of activity

25
Patterns of Hormonal Interaction
  • Hormones and Growth
  • Growth hormones
  • Thyroid hormones
  • Insulin
  • Parathyroid hormone
  • Gonadal hormones
  • Hormones and Behavior
  • Hormones and Aging

26
General Adaptation Syndrome
27
Integration with other Systems
28
Summary
29
Emergency Care Applications
  • Chapter 11

30
Overview of the Many Facets of Endocrine Systems
Disorders
31
Diabetes Mellitus
  • Type I Diabetes Mellitus
  • Type II Diabetes Mellitus
  • Emergency Complications of Diabetes
  • Hypoglycemia (Insulin Shock)
  • Diabetic Ketoacidosis (Diabetic Coma)
  • Nonketotic Hyperosmolar Coma

32
Intravenous Glucose Administration
33
Disorders of the Thyroid Gland
  • Graves Disease
  • Thyrotoxic Crisis (Thyroid Storm)
  • Hypothyroidism and Myxedema

34
Disorders of the Thyroid Gland
35
Disorders of the Adrenal Glands
  • Hyperadrenalism (Cushings Syndrome)
  • Adrenal Insufficiency (Addisons Disease)

36
Summary
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