Psychopharmacology

1
Psychopharmacology

• What is it?
• Variations
• Neuropharmacology
• Neuropsychopharmacology

2
What happens when we take a drug?

• Drug Action
• Drug Effects
• Therapeutic Effects
• Side Effects
• Specific Drug Effects
• Nonspecific Drug Effects
• Placebo Effect
• Double-Blind Experiments

3
Pharmacokinetics

• Route of Administration
• Absorption and Distribution
• Binding
• Biotransformation (inactivation)
• Excretion

4
Routes of Administration

• PO
• IV
• IM
• IP
• SC

5
Routes of Administration

• Inhalation
• Topical
• Transdermal
• Epidural
• Intracranial
• Intracerebroventricular

6
Absorption and Distribution

• Transport across membranes
• Lipid-soluble vs.
• Ionized
• pKa
• Surface area
• Speed of movement through area
• Size of person

7
Absorption and Distribution

• Barriers
• Blood Brain Barrier
• Placental Barrier

8
Binding

• Specific binding
• Depot binding

9
Biotransformation

• Drug Clearance
• First-order kinetics
• Half-life
• Zero-order kinetics
• Liver Enzymes
• Phase I
• Non-synthetic
• Phase II
• Synthetic

10
Biotransformation

• Influences on Liver Metabolism
• Enzyme induction
• Enzyme inhibition
• Drug competition
• Genetics

11
Excretion

• Renal excretion
• Others
• Saliva and gut
• Alveolar
• Milk
• Sweat and Tears