Ch. 17 Amines and Derivatives

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Ch. 17 Amines and Derivatives

• Milbank High School

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Chapter Objectives

• 1.What is the general structure for an amine?
  What is the functional group for this class of
  organic molecules?
• 2.What structural feature is used to classify
  amines as primary, secondary, or tertiary?
• 3.How are the names of amines determined?
• 4.Why are the boiling points of primary and
  secondary amines higher than those of alkanes or
  ethers of similar molar mass, but lower than
  those of alcohols? How do the boiling points of
  tertiary amines compare with alcohols, alkanes,
  and ethers of similar molar mass?

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Chapter Objectives

• 5.How do the solubilities of amines of five
  carbons or less compare to the solubilities of
  comparable alkanes and alcohols in water?
• 6.What typical reactions take place with amines?
• 7.What are heterocyclic amines?

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Amines

• Alkyl derivative of ammonia
• Weak base
• Functional group
• Nitrogen atom with pair of e-
• Found in
• All proteins
• DNA
• Most drugs
• Vitamins and hormones

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Structure and Classification of Amines

• Primary amines (1)
• Secondary amines (2)
• Tertiary amines (3)
• Quarternary (4) ammonium salts

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Naming Amines

                                                                                                                                    

• Add the suffix amine
• If there are other functional groups, use the
  prefix amino

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Physical Properties of Amines

• Boiling Points
• Higher than alkanes, lower than alcohols
• N-H bonds not as electronegative as O-H bonds,
  less intermolecular forces
• Solubility
• Five-six carbons is borderline
• Odors
• Lower amines ammonia
• Higher amines decaying fish

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Reactions


                                                                                  

• Reaction with H2O

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Reactions

• Reaction with strong acids

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Reactions

• Reaction with Carboxylic acids

                                                                                                     
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Reactions

• Reaction with nitrous acid

                                                                                                
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Heterocyclic Hydrocarbons

• Cyclic compound in which the ring contains one or
  more non carbon atoms
• Purine and pyrimidine
• Alkaloids
• Heterocyclic amines found in many plants
• Morphine (opium plant)

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Additional Comments

• Novocain
• Lemon juice on fish
• Neutralizes fishy
• odor (amines)