EVOLUCI

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THE ROLE OF CLEMENTINES IN THE SPANISH CITRUS
INDUSTRY
Salvador Zaragoza Luis Navarro Instituto
Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias Moncada,
Valencia, España
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Background of mandarin growing in Spain

• 1854 Willow Leaf Castellón, Villarreal Easy
  peeling, flavour, seeds, alternate yield
• 1920-30 Clementine Fina from Algeria
• Seedless, low production, low size
• 1945-50 Clementine Monreal from Algeria
• Seedy, high production
• 1962 Clemenules high yield, good size
• 1962 Oroval early, high yield, good size

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Clementines are genetically instable and produce
many budsport mutations

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AVASA 23 Balsol Cultifor Prenules
Monreal
SRA Esbal Guillermina
Oronules
FINA
Beatriz Clementard?
CLEMENULES
OROVAL
HERNANDINA
OROGRANDE
MARISOL
Arrufatina Clemenpons Capola-Mioro
Loretina
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PERIODS OF MARKETING
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Distribution of citrus production in Spain among
different species Average of seasons 1997/98 to
2001/02 5.4 million tons per year
OTHER CITRUS 1
ORANGES 49
LEMONS 16
OTHER MANDARINS 11
CLEMENTINES 23
CLAM-MAPA
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EVOLUTION OF PRODUCTION Mandarin group
tm X 103
Seasons
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Problems in clementines

• Low parthenocarpy in some cultivars
• GA at petal falling

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Problems in clementines

• Low fruit size in some cultivars 55 mm in
  diameter is the minimum accepted for a good
  quality fruit Pruning, fertilization

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Problems in clementines

• Water spot
• Fungicide GA at colour break

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Problems in clementines
Puffing of some varieties
Creasing
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Problems in clementines
Multiple bud production in the main trunk, mainly
in early mutations of Nules clementine
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Problems in clementines
Rootstock overgrowth on citrange rootstocks
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Problems in clementines Seed production by cross
pollination

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Clemenules vs. Fina clementine Nursery plants sold
Plants X 103
Years
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CLEMENTINES NURSERY PLANTS SOLD
Plants x 1000


MAPA-CAPA
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Certified citrus nursery plants sold in the
period 1998-2002
Species Nº plants
Clementines 16.909.000 45.1
Sweet oranges 13.139.000 35.0
Mandarin hybrids 3.678.000 9.8
Lemon 3.062.000 8.2
Satsumas 523.000 1.4
Grapefruit 192.000 0.5
Total 37.503.000

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Certified clementine nursery plants sold in the
period 1998-2002
Variety Plants sold Variety Plants sold
Clemenules 7.644.000 Capola 443.000
Orogrande 3.401.000 Hernandina 307.000
Marisol 1.146.000 Oroval 201.000
Clemenpons 916.000 Beatriz 190.000
Arrufatina 891.000 Nour 85.000
Oronules 824.000 Others 93.000
Loretina 762.000 Total 16.909.000

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PRODUCTION AND EXPORT2001-02
tm X 103
CLAM
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