An Emerging World Power

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An Emerging World Power
American Imperialism
Lecture 7
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I. Global Pressure

• 1880s Desire to expand globally
• Should join the European imperialists
• James Blaine Spirited Diplomacy
• Social Darwinism
• Alfred T. Mahan four recommendations for world
  power

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• Power prestige acquired thusly
• The Influence of Sea Power upon History (1890)
• Build a large navy
• Expand markets abroad
• Acquire naval bases
• Protect peacetime shipping lanes

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Examples

• The Venezuelan Crisis
• Asia Japan China
• Africa
• Militaristic strength empirical superiority

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II. American Motives

• The three Isms
• W.A.S.P. Superiority
• Fueled by Industrial Revolution
• Foreign trade solve domestic problems
  increase wealth
• 1868 Alaska acquired

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Details of Sewards Folly

• Russia sends their minister to the U.S. (Baron
  Edouard de Stoeckl) to negotiate the sale of the
  Alaska
• Secretary of State William Seward offers 5
  million
• Eventual price tag 7.2 million
• Congress also annexes the uninhabited Midway
  Islands-located b/t CA the Asian continent
• Alaska becomes state 49 in 1959

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III. Acquiring Hawaii

• Mid-19th century American sugar plantations ¾
  of islands wealth
• Foreigners outnumbered Hawaiians
• Strong-armed Politicking

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An Emerging World Power
Empirical Growth
Cuba, War, and American Foreign Policy
Pt. II
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I. The March to War

• Background Spanish involvement in Cuba
• 1896 McKinley elected the 25th president (R)
• The Butcher Cuban treatment
• 1897 Diplomacy The De Lome Letter
• Remember the Maine to hell w/ Spain!
• April 11(Dec), 24(SP), 25(US),1898 The
  Spanish-American War

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I. Puerto Rico Cuba

• 1898 Puerto Rican independence struggles
  citizenship
• Cuba becomes a protectorate
• Teller Platt Amendments w/ U.S. guidance

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An Emerging World Power
New Lands for the USA
Part III
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II. The War Itself

• 109 day war
• War in the Philippines
• Invasion of Cuba the Rough Riders
• Annexation of The Philippines
• Treaty of Paris 1898

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II. War w/ the Philippines

• Emilio Aguinaldo resentment
• February, 1899 Aguinaldo proclaims independence
  three year war
• Aftermath U.S. suppress revolts by 1902
• 1946 independence

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III. "Open Up!"

• Philippines gateway to the east
• China war foreign intervention deterioration
• 1899 John Hay the Open Door Notes
• 1900 The Boxer Rebellion

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• 1853 Interests in Japan
• Naval base positioning
• Technology opening

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IV. Impacts of American Growth

• Mercantilism expands
• Imperialism profits everyone
• American influence abolished primal savages

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An Emerging World Power
Part IV
America vs. the World
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I. Roosevelt Corollary

• 1904 Big Stick Diplomacy for Latin American
  policies
• Mirror image of the Monroe Doctrine
• Interference the exercise of International
  Police Power

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II. T. R. on the World Stage

• 1904 Russo-Japanese War
• 1905 Treaty of Portsmouth the Nobel Prize
• Relations with Japan

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III. The Panama Canal

• Mahans last goal remained
• 1850 interest in the region began
• 1901 Hay-Pauncefote Treaty

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• Two possible routes for the canal
• Nicaragua
• Panama
• 1904 Congressional approval work begins-in 1906

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IV. Construction

• Problems
• Costs
• August 15, 1914 canal opens

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V. Missionary Diplomacy

• 1910-1911 The Mexican Revolution
• 1913 Wilson gives the Monroe Doctrine gives a
  moral tone
• Francisco Villa John Pershing

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Conclusions

• 1890-1914 America grows internationally
• Americans want to remain isolated
• World War One changes everything

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World War I
War the American State
Part I
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I. Causes of the War

• Nationalism
• Militarism
• Imperialism
• Alliance creation
• Movements The Spark

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II. The War Begins

• July 28, 1914 War is declared
• Alliances grow
• Germanys battle plan The Schlieffen Plan

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The Alliances 1914

• Central Powers
• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Ottoman Empire

• Allied Powers
• Britain
• France
• Russia
• Italy
• Japan

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• Schlieffen Plan works at first
• A French surprise stalemate
• The Western Front
• 1917 Russian withdrawal

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III. America's Stance

• No need to join too far away
• Allied sympathy permeated throughout the country
• The Lusitania U-Boat troubles
• Zimmerman Note changes everything

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World War I
America Enters
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I. Mobilization

• 1917 Congressional powers
• Wilson given direct control
• Regulation nationalization
• War Industries Board, Railroad Fuel
  Administrations

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II. Economic Changes

• Salary increases for some trades
• White-collar jobs lost purchasing power
• Mistreatment arose
• 1918 Natl War Labor Board
• Food Administration

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III. Patriot or Traitor

• Training sacrifice need to be learned
• 33 billion spent on WWI
• 1/3 raised from taxes
• Public borrowing war bonds
• Committee on Public Information

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• Anti-Immigrant frenzy
• June 1917 Espionage Act
• May 1918 Sedition Act
• Targeted socialists 8 labor leaders

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IV Off to battle

• Bridge to France
• Deferred classification
• Emphasis on shipyard work
• Fabrication
• Assumption conversion

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• Convoy System
• Fresh Faces
• General Pershing the AEF
• 2nd Battle of Marne
• November 11, 1918 armistice is signed

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World War I
The Treaty of Versailles
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I. Wilson's 14 Points

• Plan for a post-war world
• January 18, 1918 delivers speech to Congress
• Speech divided into 3 groups
• Causes of the war
• Specific boundary changes
• International organization League of Nations

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II. Reactions

• Wilsons arrival in France
• Wilson The Big Four
• Allied Reactions
• Germany Russia are not represented

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II. Treaty Provisions

• 9 new nations established
• Four areas carved out of the Ottoman Empire
• Given to France Great Britain as mandates
• Demilitarized Germany
• Return Alsace-Lorraine to France
• Article 231 War-guilt clause

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III. Weaknesses

• Peace built on quicksand
• 3 basic weaknesses
• German humiliation
• Bolsheviks ignored
• Colonial territorial control
• Paves the way for WWII

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IV. Opposition

• Too Harsh
• Sell-out to imperialism
• Self-determination not addressed
• League of Nations another issue

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• Threat to U.S. foreign policy
• Choice of American delegation problem
• Accepting of a compromise Senate approval
• Amendments failure
• Legacy of the war normalcy societal woes

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