Why plugin hybrids

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Why plug-in hybrids?

• Cheaper
• Cleaner
• Domestic

How can I get one?
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ZEV Mandate Produced Real ZEVs

• Toyota RAV4-EV
• Ford Ranger EV
• GM EV-1
• Ford Postal Van
• Chevrolet S-10 Electric
• Ford Th!nk City
• Honda EV Plus
• Chrysler EPIC Mini-Van
• Nissan Altra
• Nissan Hypermini
• Toyota eCom

Leased/Sold 1485 1 1312 1 800 1 495 1 450 1 440
1 300 1 207 1 130 1 50 1 15 1 5599 1
On Road Today 820 1 400 1 0 2 0 1 55 1 100
3 0 2 5 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 1380 1
Source Various industry and private sources
1 nationwide deployments of vehicles resulting
from ZEV regulation. CA deployments 4400 2
excludes small numbers potentially still in use
by OEMs for testing 3 redeployed in Norway
none on US roads
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2003 Mandate eviscerated
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• Now on DVD.
• Order at
• PlugInAmerica.org

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Courtesy Electric Drive Transportation
Association
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Courtesy Electric Drive Transportation
Association
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Courtesy Electric Drive Transportation
Association
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Courtesy Electric Drive Transportation
Association
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Plug-in hybrids are cheaper
California Cars Initiative CalCars.org
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Felix Kramers typical day of driving

• 51 miles, mostly highway
• 124 mpg gas 123 Wh/mile electricity
• 61 less gas half the greenhouse gases
• Cost 1.76
• (vs. 3.17)

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Professor Andrew Frank, UC Davis

• 10 years of PHEV conversions
• new PHEVs 10-15 higher price at
  first

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Plug-in hybrids are cleaner
Marc Geller activist, solar installer
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Well-to-Wheels Emissions

• Definition Pollutants produced by
• vehicles and by their power sources.

Sherry Boschert, Plug-in Hybrids The Cars that
Will Recharge America, 2006
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Compare

• Internal combustion engine (ICE)
• Hybrid gas-electric vehicle (HEV)
• Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV)
• All-electric vehicle (EV)
• Hydrogen fuel-cell electric vehicle (FCEV)
• Sherry Boschert, Plug-in Hybrids The Cars that
  Will Recharge America, 2006

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Plug-ins Produce Fewer Emissions
Well-to-wheels emissions based on total US
electrical grid
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Monoxide
Sulfur Oxides
Volatile Organic Compounds
Sox emissions subject to cap
EV Charging on US grid should not result in
additional SO2 emissions due to regulatory
emission caps on stationary sources already in
place
Sources Argonne National Labs GREET 1.6
Fuel-Cycle Model for Transportation Fuels June
2001. FCEV based on U.S. grid-powered
electrolysis fuel cycle.
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Effects of regulation 1993-2004

• U.S. electricity production increased, but
• Sulfur oxide emissions fell from 15 million to 10
  million metric tons per year.
• Nitrogen oxide emissions fell from 8 million to 4
  million metric tons per year.
• Source U.S. Department of Energy Electric Power
  Annual 2004.

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More than 30 studies and analyses support these
findings. For an overview of all the data, see
www.sherryboschert.com
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Bonus Better emissions control
Plug-in cars move emissions away from population
centers.

• A few thousand power
• plants are easier to
• regulate than 200 million
• vehicle tailpipes.

Sherry Boschert, Plug-in Hybrids The Cars that
Will Recharge America, 2006
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Running on renewables

• As the electrical grid gets cleaner,
• plug-in cars get even cleaner.
• The future More wind and solar power.

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Vehicle togrid (V2G)
Toyota Dream House PAPI

• Average car driven 3 hours, parked 21 hours
• 1 million V2G 20 average power plants
• Peak sun into car, later tapped for peak load
• Triple our harvesting of wind power (US DOE)

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VW Beetle The Plug Bug - 2002

• Vehicle-to-grid demo
• Bi-directional charger

VW Beetle

• Discharge to grid
• Power any AC load

By AC Propulsion
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V2G Cars Affordable

• V2G technology would add roughly 400 to a car's
  overall cost.
• - Willett Kempton, University of Delaware

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Source Jon Wellinghoff, FERC, Jan. 2007
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Plug-in hybrids are domestic

• R. James Woolsey, former CIA director

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• U.S. imports 55 of its oil.
• Cars and trucks use more than 2/3 of all
  petroleum and 1/3 of all energy in the United
  States.

Sherry Boschert, Plug-in Hybrids The Cars that
Will Recharge America, 2006
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Executive Order Jan. 24, 2007

• Federal agencies that operate fleets of 20 or
  more vehicles must use plug-in hybrids when they
  become available and have a life-cycle cost
  comparable to non-PHEVs.

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U.S. grid can handle PHEVs

• The existing off-peak electrical capacity
  could fuel daily commutes for 85 of all U.S.
  cars, trucks, and SUVs (187 million vehicles).

Source U.S. Dept. of Energy, 2007 Impacts
Assessment of Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles on Electric
Utilities and Regional U.S. Power Grids
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National Renewable Energy Lab
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Geo
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www.ASES.org
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Combined approach can work
Tackling Climate Change ASES 2007
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Tackling Climate Change ASES 2007
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Plug-in hybrids How to get one

• Chelsea Sexton, E.D., Plug In America

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Bipartisan legislation

• DRIVE Act
• Dependence Reduction through Innovation in
  Vehicles and Energy
• (S.339 Bayh/Brownback)
• (H.R. 670 - Engel/Kingston)

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Started by Austin, Texaswww.PlugInPartners.org

• gt8,000 soft fleet orders gathered
• 32 U.S. cities signed on
• 2 biofuel associations
• 56 environmental and security groups
• 126 public and private utilities

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www.PlugInPartners.org
IL Partners

• City of Chicago!!!
• Carbon Solutions Group
• Batavia Public Utility
• Naperville Public Utility
• St. Charles Utilities
• Princeton Municipal Utilities
• Rock Falls Electric Department

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Past present work by majorautomakers on
plug-in hybrids

• Nissan
• Renault
• Saab
• Toyota
• Volkswagen
• Volvo

• Daimler-Chrysler
• Fiat
• Ford
• GM
• Mitsubishi

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GM 1990s EV1 PHEV

• Plug-in series hybrid 350-mile total range
• 25-mile electric range, NiMH batteries
• 6.5-gallon gasoline turbine backup

Source AutoWorld.com
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GM 2007 Chevy Volt PHEV

• Plug-in series hybrid 640-mile total range
• 40-mile electric range, Li-Ion batteries
• 12-gallon backup of gas, diesel, or ethanol

Source GM press release
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New Life for Battery Electrics

• Tesla Roadster
• 200-mile electric range
• 0-60 mph in 4 seconds

• Redesigned Th!nk City
• Being revived 2008
• Lease the batteries

• AC Propulsion eBox
• Based on Toyota Scion xB
• 140-180 mile electric range

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Do it yourself

• www.eaa-phev.org

Take a stand

• www.PlugInAmerica.org

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Plug-in hybrids Bridging America
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www.PlugInAmerica.org