Observation 2: Less Fuel

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Observation (2) Less Fuel
Fuel Consumption Rate
L distance between the ducts (15 mm) ?CH4 
volumetric consumption rate, moles/cm3/sec
IR-Excited fuel Fuel Consumption Rate is
computed to be 8 less.
CH4 Baseline
CH4 IR-Excited
Fuel Duct .... X, mm .... Air Duct
2
Observation (3) Less CO
Methane combustion chain reaction CH4 O ?
CH3 OH O2 CH3 ? CH3OO CH4 CH3OO ? CH3
CH3OOH CH3OOH ? CO 2 H2 O
2 CH4 O2 ? 2 CO 4 H2
CO2 Baseline
CO Baseline
CO2 IR-Excited
CO IR-Excited
Fuel Duct .... X, mm .... Air Duct
IR-Excited fuel Combusts faster and more
completely CO CO2 emissions are computed to
be 25 less.
CO is a precursor of CO2
CH4 O2 ? CO H2 H2O
3
Observation (4) Less NO
EIJ, emission index for specie J
NO Baseline
NO IR-Excited
Mj molecular weight ?J volumetric
production rate
Fuel Duct .... X, mm .... Air Duct
Less NO emissions
IR-Excited fuel NO Emission index is computed
to be 15 less.
Thermal NO formation is slower than fuel
combustion. With a faster combustion, there is
less time for NO to form.
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Summary of Observations

• IR-Excitation makes
• methane combust faster
• and more completely

• Less Fuel Consumption Rate
• Less CO and CO2 emissions
• Less NO emissions

IR-Excited Fuel technology is scientifically
proven
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Proposed Engine Application

• IR-Emitters are retrofitted to the supply fuel
  line, absorbing engine heat to emit IR photons.
• HC molecules traversing thru the fuel line are
  excited, raising vibrational states to lower
  activation barrier and increase combustibility.

• IR-Excited fuel burns faster in cylinders,
  allocating more heat to do work and less heat
  loss to raise exhaust gas temperature (EGT).
• IR-Excited fuel increases power, with lower
  specific fuel combustion and less HC, CO, NOx,
  and CO2 emissions.

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GM Quad-4 Gasoline Engine
Engine Lab, Purdue University
Specific Fuel Consumption (unit lb/hp-hr)
Baseline
IR-Excited
IR reduced SFC by 6.2
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CO NO Emissions Test
PowerTek Single Cylinder Dynomometer
Engine Labs Purdue University
Fuel Propane Displacement 13 cu in. Gross
power 7.5 HP Gross torque 10 ft.lb
CO Measurement (ppm) average reduced 14.5
NO Measurement (ppm) average reduced 10.2
IR simultaneously reduced CO and NO
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U.S. EPA Test
AutoResearch Lab, an EPA-recognized Lab
1998 Mercury Grand Marquis, V8, 4.6 L Odometer
16,300 miles (Jan. 1999)
FTP Federal Test Procedure (City Driving)
HFET Highway Fuel Economy Test
IR increased fuel economy and reduced all
emissions
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Emissions Diesel Pickup
Shanghai Vehicle Performance Testing Center
Iveco Motor Co. (Nanjing, China) 4.2 Ton
Light-Duty Pickup 4 cyl. 2.8 L Diesel Engine
(max. 78 KW) tested with a 60 Nm load
(a) NOx Emissions, ppm
(b) Smoke Emissions, Opacity
IR simultaneously reduced smoke and NOx.
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P-norm/M-norm Dyno Tests
CARBURATORI BERGAMO, 24127 (BG), ITALY
7/20/2007
2004 Alfa Romeo 147 JTD 1900 cc Multi-jet
turbo-diesel 4 cyl. 16v, 110 kW _at_4000 rpm
Odometer 110,000 km
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Power/Torque Measurement
Potenza Coppia at 6th Gear (ratio 0.6141)
2004 Alfa Romeo 147 JTD Max. 4410 rpm (149.0
km/h) Max. 4220 rpm (130.5 km/h)
Peak Torque 305 Nm _at_ 2000 rpm Con FIR 327.6 Nm
_at_ 2145 rpm Senza FIR 289.4 Nm _at_ 3180 rpm
Con FIR
Con FIR
OEM Engine Spec
OEM Engine Spec
Baseline (Senza FIR)
Baseline (Senza FIR)
IR increased power torque at mid- and
high-speeds.
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School Bus Road Tests
Greenwood Community Schools (Greenwood, Indiana)
2004 International School Bus CE VT365 diesel
engine V8, 6.0 L with EVRT
IR-Emitter installed on 10/14/05 at 15,475 miles
IR-Emitter removed on 5/8/06 at 25,531 miles
6.23
5.67 mpg
5.40
IR improved fuel economy 12
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Diesel Trucks Fleet Test
Heritage Transport, LLC (Indianapolis, Indiana)
Cummins ISX475 15 L 475 HP HD diesel engine
2005 Kenworth T600A Tractor
3 sets IR-Emitters installed
IR saved 6 of fuels, or 78 gallons per tractor
per month
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Summary Conclusion
IR-Excitation for improved fuel combustion
efficiency in engines

• IR-Emitters (3 14 µm) are developed.
• Underlying science is verified in methane-air
  counter-flow flame experiments
• IR-Excited fuels burn faster, resulting in
  reduced fuel consumption rate and less CO NO
  emissions
• Engine/vehicle test results demonstrate
  IR-Effects on increasing engine efficiency
• More research to be done
• How IR-Excitation participates in fuel combustion
• How IR-Excited fuel improves engine performance
• How IR improves other hydrocarbon fuel combustion

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THANK YOU
Please join us to develop IR-Fuel Technology
Contact Information

• Dr. Albert Wey
• Aldi Far-IR Products, Inc. (USA)