The Australian School: A history of the development of elementary education

1
The Australian School A history of the
development of elementary education

• 85013 Education Foundations 2
• Lecture 4
• Alison Mander Lecturer

2
Lecture Outline

• Current education issues
• To reflect and understand why we are the way we
  are
• Englands legacy
• Social reform movements
• The place of the Church in schooling
• Economic and political events
• The Australian experience schools and teachers
• Contexts physical, economic, religious/social in
  18th 19th centuries

3
Contemporary Education Issues

• Funding to State and Catholic/Independent
• Centralisation versus devolution
• Education for citizenship

• Vocational Education
• New Technologies and globalisation
• School Accountability - educational standards and
  marketisation
• Teacher Status

4
Englands legacy

• Tudor England and central government
• Apprenticeship, private tutoring and grammar
  schools
• Models of 18th and 19th century schooling
• Grammar schools
• Military and naval academies
• Dame schools
• Charity schools
• Boarding schools

5
Economic and social movements

• Towns and Factories
• Child welfare
• Laissez-faire philosophy
• John Stuart Mill - Utilitarianism

• Charitable reformers
• Small government
• Revolution or reformation?

6
ColoniesThe Need for Education

• Education for Moral Reform Rev Johnson
• Influences at Work
• Lockian Tabula Rasa
• Wesleyan spare the rod
• Rousseau Emile progressives

7
New South Wales which model?

• The advantages of the Charity schools
• The religious advantages The Society for the
  Propagation of the Gospel
• Physical, social and economic contexts in the new
  Colonies
• Differences between England and NSW
• Macquaries solution 1800

8
The First Teachers

• Miss Isabella Rosen (convict)
• William Richardson (convict)
• Reverend Johnson in charge
• William Webster (non convict)

9
The Religious Question

• Church of England perceived as privileged agent
• 1826 British Gov instructions Church and Schools
  Corporation
• Debates about the place of Christian teaching

10
Social Reform models

• The Dual System-1848 Governor Fitzroy
• Two systems in parallel- Board of Denominational
  Education
• Cost benefits ?
• Choice
• Duplication

• The National Board (based on Irish National
  system)
• By 1850 51 schools
• Two Boards finally abolished in 1866
• Warwick 1850, Drayton 1852, Toowoomba 1864/5

11
Centralisation of education

• Need to provide social and moral reform
• Geographic factors
• Funding and accountability
• Limit the damage and duplication through
  religious difference

12
Free, Compulsory and Secular

• The Monitorial system
• Lancaster and Bell
• The Pupil Teacher System
• James Kay-Shuttleworth
• Fort Street Model School
• Early Education Theory
• William Wilkins

13
Conclusion

• To understand the nature of the school system in
  Australia, the historical influences need to be
  noted
• Social reform and moral reform
• Power of the Church and its dissenters/ ongoing
• Difficulties in providing schools due to the
  physical distances. Costs and supervision
  difficulties
• Centralised social, administrative and economic
  life
• Where to from here?