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Instrumental Conditioning pt' 2

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In instrumental learning, larger, or qualitatively ... Assuming that satiation has not occurred. Contrast effects: appear when experiences with previous ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Instrumental Conditioning pt' 2


1
Instrumental Conditioning (pt. 2)
  • Thursday, 2/9/06

2
Exam 1 Scores
  • Mean 50.9
  • SD 11.9
  • Median 55

3
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4
On Tuesday
  • Thonrdike
  • Law of Effect
  • Skinner
  • Radical Behaviorist
  • Skinner Box
  • Difference between instrumental and operant

5
Reinforcement Variables That Affect Learning
  • Amount of Reinforcement
  • In instrumental learning, larger, or
    qualitatively better rewards, typically produce
    better performance (i.e. more learning).
  • Assuming that satiation has not occurred.

6
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7
  • Contrast effects appear when experiences with
    previous rewards influence the effectiveness of
    current rewards.
  • Negative contrast
  • Positive contrast

8
  • Drive
  • Drive a motivational need or desire for a
    reinforcer that is reduced by obtaining the
    reinforcer.

9
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10
Hulls Drive Reduction Theory (1949)
  • Response strength (HDK) - I
  • H Habit Strength
  • D Drive
  • K Incentive
  • I Inhibition

11
  • Schedules of Reinforcement
  • Fixed-ratio schedule reinforcement after a
    fixed number of responses.
  • Generally high response rates
  • Ex. Hourly work
  • Variable-ratio schedule reinforcement after a
    varied number of responses.
  • Relatively constant response rates
  • Ex. Gambling

12
  • Fixed-interval schedule reinforcement after
    fixed interval of time.
  • Lower response rates just after reinforcement,
    which then increase as interval nears an end
  • Ex. Morphine button at hospital
  • Variable-interval schedule reinforcement after
    a varied interval of time.
  • Relatively constant response rates
  • Ex. Checking e-mail

13
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14
  • Continuous reinforcement reinforcing each
    instance of a response.
  • Partial reinforcement reinforcing only some
    percentage of the responses.

15
  • Delay of Reinforcement
  • In general, immediate reinforcement more
    effectively results in learning than does delayed
    reinforcement.

16
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17
  • Self-control the ability to delay immediate
    gratification in favor of a better, but delayed
    reward.

18
Thats it.
  • See you Tuesday.
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