Autonomous Sampling Methods for the Global Carbon Observing System

1
Autonomous Sampling Methods for the Global
Carbon Observing System

• Tommy Dickey
• University of California, Santa Barbara

Acknowledgements Nick Bates (O,B), Jim Bishop,
Ed Boyle (B), Bob Byrne (O), Francisco Chavez
(O,B), Maureen Conte (B), Scott Doney
(O,B), Dick Feely (O), Gernot Freiderich (O,B),
Dan Frye (B), Al Hansen (M), Sus Honjo (A),
Maria Hood, Hans Jannasch (B), Dave Karl (M),
John Kemp (B), Marlon Lewis, John Marra (A),
Liliane Merlivat (B), Greg Mitchell, Casey
Moore (O,M,B), Uwe Send, Craig Taylor (B), Rik
Wanninkhof (O,B), Bob Weller (A), UCSB Ocean
Physics Lab, BATS, HOT, GOOS, OOPC, COOP, JGOFS
numerous others O O-SCOPE M MOSEAN B
Bermuda Testbed Mooring A Arabian Sea
JGOFS Funding NSF (many progs.), NASA, ONR,
NOAA, MMS, NOPP, UCSB (25 years)
Special thanks to Chris Sabine and Maria Hood!
Apologies for fast presentation, please see CD!
International Workshop on Ocean Carbon
Observation Activities Paris January 14,
2003
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Issues Concerning Implementation of Global
Biogeochemical Measurement Programs 1.
Selection of key variables for problems of
interest Done? 2. Sensor/system
technologies available vs. needed Evolving
3. Platforms in situ remote available vs.
needed Evolving 4. Time and space
scales to sample coastal to open ocean TBD
5. Sampling strategies/Data integration
/Telemetry/Assimilation e.g., Use of data and
models GODAE plus?
Liliane Merlivat will focus on pCO2 and surface
observations. Jacqueline Boutin will speak on
remote sensing. Scott Doney, Dick Feely, Andy
Jacobsen, Anand Gnanadesikan are speaking about
inversions and other modeling.
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Processes/PlatformsTime and Space
ScalesObservational IssuesProblems of
Interest?Variables/Proxies?3-D/Time
Scales?Synopt./Alias./UndersamplingReal-time
data telemetry
Potential Solutions Smart
Sampling Nested Arrays of Platforms
Models as Synthesizers Obs. Models
Data
Dickey, 1991, 2002
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Capabilities Std. Ships, Autonomous
Platforms, Satellites 1. Data
quality and accuracy ShipsgtAuton.gtSat. 2.
Variety of measurements ShipsgtAuton.gtSat.
3. Data quantity Sat.gtAuton.gtShips
4. Horiz. Range and Synopticity
Sat.gtAuton.gtShips 5. Vertical Structure
ShipsAuton.gtgtSat. 6. Temporal and
spatial resolution Auton.Sat.gtShips 7. Data
Assimilation Utility Auton.Sat.gtgtShips
Solution Ships Autonomous Platforms
Satellites
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UCSB Ocean Physics Laboratory Interdisciplinary
Mooring/AUV Study Sites
CMO LOOPS (AUV)
.
P X 3
Bermuda Testbed Mooring JGOFS
P
P
Arabian Sea JGOFS
P
EqPac JGOFS
P Present OPL mooring activities
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Mooring ProgramsPrimary Sensors pCO2, pH, DO,
NO3, Spectral OpticsO-SCOPE and MOSEANNote
Transitions to other platforms AUVs gliders,
profiling floats cabled observ.
New BTM/HOT Buoy

Monterey Bay
OWS P
Bermuda
Others SO (N. Zealand), N. Atlantic (UK,
Germany), N. Pacific (Japan, Canada), Canada
(P,HAB), Med. (EU), Baltic (Ger.), Equat.
Pacific, HOT, Santa Barbara Channel
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Bermuda Testbed Mooring 1994 - present
Connection to cables?
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Bermuda Testbed Mooring Time Series
Hurricane Felix
Summer Eddy
Fall Bloom Eddy
Dickey et al., 1998a, 2001a
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Events at the Bermuda Testbed Mooring Site
Effects pCO2, PP, Biol. Pump?
Dickey et al., 1998a,b, 2001a McGillicuddy et
al., 1998, McNeil et al., 1999
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Smoking Gun! Mesoscale important.
(400 Days Unfouled)
OPL/WET Labs/Satlantic
Jannasch, MBARI
McNeil, 1999 Dickey et al., 2001
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Dissolved Oxygen Sensors Used by Rik Wanninkhof
(AOML) and UCSB Optical Sensors at BTM
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BTM-SeaWiFS Match-ups
Dickey, 2001a
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CARIOCA Buoy and Time SeriesNick Bates Liliane
Merlivat
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MITESS Iron Time Series from BTM Ed Boyle, MIT
TS-SID for 14C Prim. Prod.
Measurements Craig Taylor, WHOI
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Sediment Trap
JGOFS Arabian Sea Honjo, Weller, Marra, and
Dickey
Note Similar results from BTM/OFP (Conte al.,
DSR in revision)
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JGOFS Eq Pac
Foley et al., 1998
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Longwaves/Chlorophyll
Dave Foley image shown here. Earlier work by Jim
Yoder et al. Line in the Sea. Ongoing work by
Francisco Chavez and Gernot Friederich
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Coastal Hurricanes Spectral Data Sets from CMO
Chang and Dickey, 2001
Chang, OPL
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Note Biogeochemical measurement sites 30
planned 10 in operation now
Funded
NSF DEOS Buoy
Potential Cabled Observatories?
Global map of existing and planned time series
observatories. OOPC Global Eulerian
Observatories (GEO)/Time Series Science Team Next
meeting in Villefranche before EGS/AGU in Nice in
April, 2003
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Profiling floats
Profiling Floats ARGO Project
Std. 10-Day Cycle to 1500m
Mitchell, SIO
Argo Science Team
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Bishop Figure here???
C-SOLO Profiling Float System
Note
Jim Bishop
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Satlantic
Glider
Optical Drifter
Webb
MIT
Autosub
All capable of bio-optical and biogeochemical
meas., Upcoming NSF Workshop
SOC
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Odyssey Observations in Mass. Bay
LOOPS Interdisciplnary Data Assimil. JMS
papers Review
OPL/ MIT
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Sargasso Sea Ocean Observatory
Dickey
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Issues 1. Measurements
variety, calibration, validation, accuracy,
resolution, stability, biofouling,
telemetry, number, cost 2.
Calibration/validation of satellites 3.
Platforms/Cables Optimal use for Carbon ,
Sampling strategies? Scales? 4.
Real-time data telemetry via satellites and
cables 5. Models for study, planning
exper., synthesis, prediction 6.
International cooperation, coordination, funding
(e.g., esp. for technologies
sampling SO, remote areas)
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References

• Doney, S. and M. Hood, eds., GOOS Report No. 118,
  2002, A Global Ocean Carbon Observation System A
  Background Report, IOC, UNESCO, 48pp.
• Dickey, T.D., 2001. New technologies and their
  roles in advancing biogeochemical research,
  Oceanography, 14(4), 108-120.
• Send et. al. 2001. Oceanographic time series
  observatories, Observing the Ocean for Climate in
  the 21st Century, eds. C.J. Koblinsky and N.R.
  Smith, Australian Bureau of Meteorology, 376-390.
  Also see www.oceanpartners.org/geo
• Dickey, T. and P. Falkowski, 2002. Solar energy
  and its biological-physical interaction in the
  sea, eds. A.R. Robinson, J.J. McCarthy, and B.J.
  Rothschild, Chapter 10, The Sea, Vol. 12,
  401-440.
• Bishop et al., 2002. Robotic observations of dust
  storm enhancement of carbon biomass in the North
  Pacific, Science, 298, 817-821.
• Dickey, T., 2003. Future ocean observations for
  interdisciplinary data assimilation models, J.
  Mar. Sys., in press.
• Web www.opl.ucsb.edu Emailtommy.dickey_at_opl.ucsb
  .edu