Zone%20and%20Polygon%20Menus:

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Zone and Polygon Menus
Using Relative Position to Increase the Breadth
of Multi-Stroke Marking Menus

• Shengdong Zhao
• Maneesh Agrawala
• Ken Hinckley

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Marking Menus

• Compound-stroke Marking Menus
• Kurtenbach and Buxton, 1993

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Compound-stroke Marking Menus
Novice Mode
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Compound-stroke Marking Menus
Novice Mode
Expert Mode
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Compound-stroke Marking Menus
Novice Mode
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Compound-stroke Marking Menus
Novice Mode
Expert Mode
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Compound-stroke Marking Menus

• Advantages Kurtenbach and Buxton, 1993
• Seamless novice to expert transition
• 3.5 x faster than linear menus
• Scale invariance

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Compound-stroke Marking Menus

• Limitations Error Rate Kurtenbach and Buxton,
  1993
• Breadth/depth speed/accuracy trade-off

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Compound-stroke Marking Menus

• Limitations Error Rate Kurtenbach and Buxton,
  1993
• Breadth/depth/speed/accuracy trade-off

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8x8
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Marking Menus

• Compound-stroke Marking Menus
• Kurtenbach and Buxton, 1993
• Multi-stroke Marking Menus
• Zhao and Balakrishnan, 2004

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Multi-stroke Marking Menu
Novice Mode
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Multi-stroke Marking Menu
Novice Mode
Expert Mode
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Multi-stroke Marking Menu
Novice Mode
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Multi-stroke Marking Menu
Novice Mode
Expert Mode
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Multi-stroke Marking Menus

• Advantages Zhao and Balakrishnan, 2004
• Faster, more accurate
• Space efficient
• Increase hierarchy depth

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Multi-stroke Marking Menus

• Limitations
• Breadth limit remains

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Observations Word Menu
File 15 Submenu Items
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Observations Word Menu
Tools 17 Submenu Items
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Observations Word Menu
Average breadth 13.7 items Minimum breadth
Window (4 items) Maximum breadth Tools (17
items)
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Limitations - Breadth
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Limitations - Breadth
Expert
Novice
Save
Group 2
Level-2
Level-1
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Geometric Design Space
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Geometric Design Space
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Geometric Design Space
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Geometric Design Space
Compound-stroke Marking Menus Multi-stroke
Marking Menus
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Geometric Design Space
Compound-stroke Marking Menus Multi-stroke
Marking Menus
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Geometric Design Space
Compound-stroke Marking Menus Multi-stroke
Marking Menus Orientation-based Marking Menus
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Geometric Design Space
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Relative Position
Input Area
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Relative location orientation
Input Area
Scale Independent
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Relative location orientation
Input Area
Scale Independent
32
Zone Menus
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Zone Menus
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Zone Menus
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Zone Menus
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Zone Menus
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Polygon Menu
Input Area
Orientation-based
Polygon
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Polygon Menu
Input Area
Orientation-based
Polygon
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Polygon Menu
Input Area
Orientation-based
Polygon
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Polygon Menu
Input Area
Orientation-based
Polygon
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Polygon Menu
Input Area
Orientation-based
Polygon
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Polygon Menu
Input Area
Orientation-based
Polygon
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Polygon Menu
Input Area
Orientation-based
Polygon
44
Polygon Menu
Input Area
Orientation-based
Polygon
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Polygon Menu
Input Area
Orientation-based
Polygon
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Polygon Menu
Input Area
Orientation-based
Polygon
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Polygon Menu
Input Area
Orientation-based
Polygon
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Polygon Menu
Input Area
Orientation-based
Polygon
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Polygon Menu
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Zone vs. Polygon

• Stroke directions

Zone
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Zone vs. Polygon

• Strokes directions

Polygon
Zone
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Zone vs. Polygon

• Strokes directions

Polygon
Zone
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Polygon vs. Zone

• Parallel strokes
• Zone arrangement

Zone
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Polygon vs. Zone

• Parallel strokes
• Zone arrangement

Polygon
Zone
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Evaluation

• Breadth gt 8

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Evaluation

• Breadth gt 8
• Breadth 12

Orientation 12
Zone 12
Polygon 12
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Evaluation

• Breadth gt 8
• Breadth 12, 1212

Orientation 1212
Zone 1212
Polygon 1212
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Evaluation

• Breadth gt 8
• Breadth 12, 1212
• Breadth 16

Orientation 16
Zone 16
Polygon 16
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Evaluation

• Breadth gt 8
• Breadth 1212
• Breadth 16

Orientation 16
Zone 16
Polygon 16
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Evaluation

• Breadth gt 8
• Breadth 12, 1212
• Breadth 16 (44)

Orientation 44
Zone 16
Polygon 16
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Evaluation

• Breadth gt 8
• Breadth 12, 1212
• Breadth 16 (44), 1616

Orientation 1616
Polygon 1616
Zone 1616
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Evaluation

• Breadth gt 8
• Breadth 12, 1212
• Breadth 16 (44), 1616

Orientation 1616
Polygon 1616
Zone 1616
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Evaluation

• Breadth gt 8
• Breadth 12, 1212
• Breadth 16 (44), 1616 (884)

Orientation 884
Polygon 1616
Zone 1616
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Experiment Setup
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Experiment 1 Video Clip
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Dependent Variables
Start Stimulus
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Dependent Variables
Start Stimulus
Start Drawing
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Dependent Variables
Start Stimulus
Reaction Time
Start Drawing
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Dependent Variables
Start Stimulus
Reaction Time
Start Drawing
Execution Time
End Drawing
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Dependent Variables
Start Stimulus
Reaction Time

Total Time
Start Drawing
Execution Time
End Drawing
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Dependent Variables
Start Stimulus
Reaction Time

Total Time
Start Drawing
Execution Time
End Drawing
Accuracy
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Result 12, 144 Items
Polygon
Orientation
Zone
12
12 12
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Accuracy 12, 144 Items
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Accuracy 12, 144 Items
Technique (F2,1615.71, plt.01).
(87.1)
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Accuracy 12, 144 Items
Technique (F2,1615.71, plt.01).
(87.1)
(97.7)
(98.2)
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Accuracy 12, 144 Items
Technique (F2,1615.71, plt.01).
(87.1)
(97.7)
(98.2)
Technique x Depth Interaction
(F2,1615.71, plt.01).
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Accuracy 12, 144 Items
Technique (F2,1615.71, plt.01).
(87.1)
(97.7)
(98.2)
Technique x Depth Interaction
(F2,1615.71, plt.01).
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Time 12, 144 Items
Reaction
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Time 12, 144 Items
Reaction
Execution
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Execution Time
is faster than
Orientation 12
Zone Polygon 12
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Time 12, 144 Items
Reaction
Execution
Total
82
Result 16 Items
Polygon
Zone
Orientation
4 4
16
8 8 4
16 16
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Result 16, 256 Items
Polygon
Zone
Orientation
4 4
16
8 8 4
16 16
84
Accuracy 16, 256 Items
85
Time 16, 256 Items
Reaction
Execution
Total
86
Time
is slower than
Orientation 44
Zone Polygon 16
is slower than
Orientation 884
Zone Polygon 1616
87
Experiment 2
Input Area
Small Input Area
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Experiment 2
Input Area
origin
Small Input Area
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Experiment 2 Video Clip
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Result Experiment 2

• Zone and Polygon menu has faster execution time
  (12, 144 items)

Experiment 1
Experiment 2
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Result Experiment 2

• Zone and Polygon menu has faster execution time
  (12, 144 items)

Experiment 1
Experiment 2
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Summary

• Exceeding breadth-8
• Zone and Polygon Menus

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Summary

• Exceeding breadth-8
• Zone and Polygon Menus
• Breadth-depth tradeoff
• faster than

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Summary

• Exceeding breadth-8
• Zone and Polygon Menus
• Breadth-depth tradeoff
• faster than
• faster than

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Summary

• Exceeding breadth-8
• Zone and Polygon Menus
• Breadth-depth tradeoff
• faster than
• faster than
• Zone vs. Polygon
• Polygon slightly faster, more accurate

96
Summary

• Exceeding breadth-8
• Zone and Polygon Menus
• Breadth-depth tradeoff
• faster than
• faster than
• Zone vs. Polygon
• Polygon slightly faster, more accurate
• Zone scale to 32

97
Summary

• Exceeding breadth-8
• Zone and Polygon Menus
• Breadth-depth tradeoff
• faster than
• faster than
• Zone vs. Polygon
• Polygon slightly faster, more accurate
• Zone scale to 32
• Polygon 9-16, Zone 17-32

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Summary

• Exceeding breadth-8
• Zone and Polygon Menus
• Breadth-depth tradeoff
• faster than
• faster than
• Zone vs. Polygon
• Polygon slightly faster, more accurate
• Zone scale to 32
• Polygon 9-16, Zone 17-32
• Hybrid Menus

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Future Work

• Longitudinal study

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Future Work

• Longitudinal study
• Support motor impaired users

Small Input Area
EdgeWrite Wobbrock et al. 2003
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Future Work

• Longitudinal study
• Support motor impaired users
• Explore
• Curvature
• Velocity/acceleration
• Pen tilt

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Acknowledgment
Ed Cutrell, Patrick Baudisch, Mary Czerwinski,
Michael McGuffin, Mark Chignell, Anna Malandrino,
Alvin Chin, Annie Xu Thank You! Questions?