ETCFCs 2003 Biodiesel Information Workshop Knoxville, TN June 11, 2003

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ETCFCs 2003 Biodiesel Information
WorkshopKnoxville, TN - June 11, 2003

• ULSD (15 ppm sulfur) vs Biodiesel
• Physical Properties and Lubricity Benefits
• Storage and Handling

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US EPA 2006 Rule

• On-road diesel fuel will have 15 ppm sulfur
  maximum to enable diesel after-treatment devices
• In 2007, engine PM and NOx emissions requirements
  reduced over 90
• Diesel will be cleaner than the cleanest natural
  gas engine produced today
• Most biodiesel is already far less than 15 ppm
  sulfur content

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EPA--Proposed Off Road Rule

• Released April 15, 2003
• 500 ppm sulfur max 2007 (avg 3400 now)
• 2008--ratchet down on PM/NOx
• 15 ppm sulfur max 2010
• 2014 full off road compliance
• PM, NOx down 90
• Aftertreatment WILL be required

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Ultra-low Sulfur Diesel vs. Biodiesel
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Biodiesel vs JP8
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Enhanced Lubricity

• Equipment benefits
• Superior lubricity
• B2 has up to 66 more lubricity than 2 Diesel
• EPA requires sulfur reduction in 2006
• No overdosing concerns

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Enhanced Lubricity
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Biodiesel and New Technology

• Biodiesel reduces PM--helps ease burden of PM
  traps
• Biodiesel brings back lubricity removed by
  hydro-treating diesel to remove sulfur
• Biodiesel has near zero sulfur content and helps
  enable catalysts that can reduce NOx by 90
  compared to todays vehicles

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Biodiesel Position with OEMs

• NBB is working with most major OEMs on new and
  existing engines
• Engine Warrantees
• Parts and Workmanship
• OEMs Dont Make Fuel, Dont warrantee fuel
• Use of biodiesel in and of itself will not void
  our warranty
• As with diesel--problems caused by the fuel are
  the responsibility of the fuel supplier

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Biodiesel Position with OEMs

• B100 meet ASTM D 6751 before blending
• Recommended blend level varies based on HQ, local
  dealer or FIE experience
• B5 common across the board
• B20 more common with companies in EPACT
• B100 fewer companies, gasket implications
• Latest OEM warranty statements
• www.biodiesel.org

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Biodiesel--Physical Properties

• BTU Content is similar to diesel fuel
• Less than 2
• Similar to 1 or Kerosene
• B100 Degrades some elastomers
• B20 has little effect, no changes needed
• B2 undetectable

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Cold Flow Properties

• Biodiesel (B100) freezes faster than most
  petrodiesel
• B20 has been successfully operated in very cold
  climates (see success stories)
• B2 differences are imperceptible
• Traditional cold weather options for diesel work
  well with biodiesel and blends
• Blend with kerosene, use of additives
• Block and filter heaters
• Indoor vehicle storage

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Cold Filter Plug PointIP 309
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Biodiesel--Physical Properties

• B100 will form high sediment levels with copper
  containing metals, lead, tin, zinc
• Additives help to mitigate this
• B100 is a good solvent, may harm some painted
  surfaces, clog filters when first switching
• B20 effect is less, or non-existent

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Storage - General

• Biodiesel can be stored in standard diesel
  storage tanks. Acceptable materials include
  steel, aluminum, fluorinated polyethylene or
  polypropylene, and teflon.
• Check storage tanks for cleanliness prior to use
  if previously used for diesel storage
• Minimize water contamination for both diesel fuel
  and for biodiesel blends

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Biodiesel Usage Checklist

• Ensure the biodiesel meets the ASTM specification
  for pure biodiesel (ASTM D 6751)
• Check fuel filters on vehicles and delivery
  system upon initial use
• Be aware of biodiesels cold weather properties
  and take them into account

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Biodiesel Usage Checklist (cntd.)

• Wipe painted surfaces immediately when using
  biodiesel
• Store biodiesel or biodiesel blend soaked rags in
  a safety can to avoid spontaneous combustion
• Use stored biodiesel within six months
• or test acid value over time
• or contact your supplier for storage enhancing
  additives

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NBB Technical Library
National Biodiesel Board www.biodiesel.org 1-800-8
41-5849 Educational Videos available Informationa
l and Technical Resources On-line database
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EPA Health Effects Testing

• Biodiesel achieved tier I II in May 2000
• only alternative fuel to complete tier II
• Testing conclusively demonstrates significant
  reductions in most regulated and unregulated
  emissions
• Testing demonstrates biodiesels positive impacts
  on human health
• Total program cost of over 2.2 MM

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Biodiesel and Health Effects

• Reduces Particulate Emissions
• Reduces targeted compounds thought to cause
  cancer PAH, nPAH
• Significantly Reduces Exhaust Mutagenicity
• In both the gaseous and particulate phases
• Biodiesel Can Play an Important Role in Reducing
  Cancer and Birth Defects

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US Industry Direction

• Incentives for Biodiesel Use
• National, State
• Reduce the Cost Barrier
• Major Player in National Energy Security
• Incorporate B2 on a Nation Wide Basis
• Start with farming sector
• Use incentives for national effort
• Increase use of B20
• EPACT Fleets
• School Buses

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US Industry Direction

• Partnerships with Petroleum Industry
• Incorporate biodiesel into infrastructure
• Fuel blending and delivery
• Partnerships with US Departments of Agriculture,
  Energy and Environment
• Fully incorporate biodiesel into plans
• Partnerships with OEMs
• Existing engines
• Future engine designs and optimization