High Performance Computing Introduction to Unix

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High Performance Computing Introduction to Unix

• Robert Whitten Jr

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Welcome!

• Todays Agenda
• Questions from last week
• The basics
• What is Unix?
• Unix commands you cant live without

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From last week

• Send me an email
• whittenrm1_at_ornl.gov
• In subject line include hpcc so I can sort it
• Tell me about yourself in the email
• Name
• Email
• What youd like to get out of the class
• Something interesting about yourself
• Ive received about a half dozen so far
• I will get all presentations on web soon

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Homework assignment!

• Get an account on smoky
• http//www.nccs.gov/user-support/access/account-re
  quest/
• Box 1 click yes to both questions
• Box 2 Name, etc
• Box 3 Citizenship
• Box 4 Current mailing address
• Box 5 Click University, scroll down put
  university in box at bottom
• Box 6 Type Smoky in text box,
• Box 7 PI Robert Whitten Jr,
  ProjectIDCSC050, Description HPC Scientific
  Computing Course, click No for remaining
  questions
• Box 8 Nothing required
• Click submit

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The basics

• Hardware
• Software
• Application software
• System software

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Hardware

• Everything that can be touched
• in a computer
• Microprocessor
• Primary memory
• Secondary memory
• Network cables
• Printers
• Keyboards, mice, etc

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Software

• Programming used to be difficult
• Rewire the whole machine each time
• Makes the hardware usable
• System software (operating systems)
• Controls hardware
• Applications do not need to know how to use
  hardware
• Kernel vs. utilities
• GUI vs. CLI
• Application software
• Word processing
• Spreadsheets
• Games

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Unix

• Operating system
• Developed in early 70s by ATT at Bell Labs
• Multi user system
• Unix has come to mean any Unix-like operating
  system
• Andrew Tanenbaum created Minix
• Textbook demonstration
• Linus Torvalds copied kernel
• Linux was born
• Technically linux is the kernel only

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Unix characteristics

• Multi-user operation
• Accounts for users
• Permissions based
• Command line interface (CLI)
• No GUI (sort of)
• X11 is a standard for doing GUI on unix systems
• Utility programs
• Navigate system
• Execute programs
• Device management through files

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Unix characteristics

• Data security
• Permissions based
• Read / write / execute
• File system based
• Data processing through filters
• Text manipulating programs used heavily

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Unix accounts

• All users have a distinct account name
• i.e. bob, mary, userx11, superdude, etc
• All accounts have passwords
• Dont use common passwords (name, birthday,
  password, etc)
• Authentication vs. authorization
• All accounts have a default home directory
• More on file systems and directories in a bit
• All accounts have configuration files
• For individual preferences
• All accounts have a command interpreter
• Program that accepts and executes commands

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Unix - permissions

• All data is stored in files
• Files are collections of data lumped together
• Addresses, recipes, raw data, etc
• All files have permissions
• Read / write / execute
• Permissions based on
• Who you are what group you are in
• Permissions are divided into three categories

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Unix - permissions

• Example
• -rw-r--r-- 1 rmwjr ccsstaff 303 Aug 28 1421
  staff 222 Jun 4 mpi.pbs
• Close up
• -rw-r--r--

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Unix commands you cant live without

• passwd change local password
• man read system manual pages
• pwd identify the working directory
• cd change the working directory
• echo display a string
• ls display contents of directory
• cat display text of file
• more display text of file
• cp copy a file
• mv move a file
• rm remove a file
• mkdir create a directory
• rmdir remove a directory

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Homework!

• Send me that email if you havent already
• whittenrm1_at_ornl.gov
• Apply for an account
• http//www.nccs.gov/user-support/access/account-re
  quest/
• Download and install cygwin
• Heres how.
• Next week well be playing with Unix commands
• Download putty.exe
• Heres how.
• Get the website up! (wait, thats just me)

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Questions?
http//www.nccs.gov
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
U. S. Department Of Energy 16