CE 385 D Water Resources Planning and Management

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CE 385 D Water Resources Planning and Management

• Sustainable Management of Water Resources
• Daene C. McKinney

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Integrative Nature of River Basins

• River basins dont respect political boundaries
• Integrate and accumulate effects of
• Economic, social, environmental systems
• Water management
• Decisions should
• Reflect and adapt to integrative nature
• Environment should be
• Enabling
• Based on clear policies, legislation,
  regulations, information
• Institutions
• Administrative bodies and stakeholders
• Need well defined roles responsibilities
• Instruments
• Regulation, monitoring, enforcement
• Environmental, social, economic policies

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Policies Affected by Integration

• Sustainable development entails
• Security preservation of natural environment
• Environmental Policies
• Limit spatial temporal externalities
• Social Policies
• Access to water
• Sufficiency, safety, affordability
  accessibility
• Social, cultural, and economic good
• Democratic governance
• Information enables participation
• Basis for sustainable management
• Economic Policies
• Incentives cost allocation
• Subsidies
• Food security and agricultural subsidies
• Distort water use efficiency

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Scaling Up

• Integrative Nature of Basins
• Affects of policies across all scales
• Local Level
• Water demand management occurs
• Citizen participation information critical
• Water use efficiency determined
• Pollution agricultural runoff generated
• National Level
• Legal basis enacted
• Economic and environmental policy established
• Promote sustainable development

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What can go wrong?
The Aral Sea Region
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THE ARAL SEA
Not much change over 100 years, but then
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Irrigation Development the Aral Sea
Land (106 ha)
Area (103 km2)
Flow (km3)
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1964
1973
1976
1985
1989
1997
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
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Aral Sea - Losses

• 12 x maximum permitted DDT
• 3/4 of people suffer from illness
• 70 of fishermen are pre-cancerous
• 5 x death rate of former Soviet republics

• the environmental costs are so high that
  they go beyond the economic capacity of the newly
  independent republics in Central Asia.
• - The World Bank

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Aral Sea Basin Unsustainable Agriculture

• Regional cooperation and moves toward
  efficient water use are keys to recovering from
  loss of livelihoods, mass migration, rampant
  pollution, and ecosystem damage resulting from
  unsustainable irrigation practices
• - UN Development Program 2009

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Sustainable Water Resources Management

• Water resource systems that are designed and
  managed to fully contribute to the needs of
  society, now and in the indefinite future, while
  protecting their cultural, ecological and
  hydrological integrity.
• ASCE sustainable water management workshop, 1997

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Sustainability Principle to Practice

• Broad guidance is available
• Difficult to translate guidance into operational
  concepts applied to specific systems
• Requires
• Basin approach
• Considering externalities and economic efficiency
  
• Scaling up of processes
• Multidisciplinary approach with stakeholder input
• Consideration of current vs. future costs and
  benefits

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River Basin Management
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Example - SYR DARYA BASIN
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Scaling Up Processes
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Example - Rio Grande/Bravo

• Ag. Sector
• Mexico
• 10 Irr. Districts
• 25 Uderales
• 3138 MCM/yr
• US
• 35 Irr. Districts
• 3369 MCM/yr
• Municipal Sector
• Mexico
• 11 cities
• 421 MCM/yr
• US
• 14 cities
• 359 MCM/yr
• Reservoirs
• International
• 2 (7.18 BCM)
• Mexico

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Multidisciplinary Adaptive Process

• Multidisciplinary
• Physical relationships
• Yield vs. water quantity and quality
• Water use efficiency vs. Infrastructure
• Socio-economic relationships
• Water availability demand vs. Economic
  incentives investments
• Socio-economic benefits vs. ecological water uses
• Adaptive - Current vs Future
• Satisfy immediate demands without compromising
  future
• Short-term decisions often lead to
• Resource depletion which could be used in future
• Long-term, accumulative, negative impacts

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Example - Rio Grande/Bravo
Stakeholder Suggested Improvements

• Objectives
• Increase Whole System Benefits
• Improve Ag. Supply Reliability
• Increase Muni. Water Supply
• Restore Environmental Flows
• Methods
• Water right Buybacks Transfers
• Groundwater Banking Conjunctive Management
• Non-treaty Tributary Flows
• Water Conservation Reuse
• Facility Reconfiguration Reoperation
• Brackish Water Desalination

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Water Resource Systems Analysis

• Water resources problems are
• Complex, interconnected, and overlapping
• Involving water allocations, economic
  development, and environmental preservation
• Systems analysis
• Break complex system down into components and
  analyze the interactions between the components
• Central method used in water resources planning

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System Representation
Some Systems in WRPM Watershed Aquifer Developmen
t Area Detention Basin
Parameters, b
Outputs, Q
Transformation function Q(t) W(a, b) I(t)
Inputs, I

• Mathematical model
• Typically a set of algebraic equations
• Derived from differential equations of
• Conservation of Mass (e.g., continuity)
• Conservation of Momentum (e.g., Manning)
• Conservation of Energy (e.g., friction loss)

Policies or controls, a
System Characteristics
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System Diagram for River Basin
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MethodologyAssessment Climate Change Impacts on
the Water Resources