An Interagency and Integrated Initiative

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The NPS Maritime Domain Protection Research Group
An Interagency and Integrated Initiative
April 2005
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Broad Charter Requires a Spectrum of Research
Efforts

• Define, design, and potentially implement a
  national Maritime Domain Protection System that
  includes a vulnerability assessment, concept of
  operations across multiple lines of defense and
  domains, and coordinated through a national
  command and control system.

FOCUS War-fighters perspective to detect,
dissuade, deter, preempt, interdict, or defeat
threats and aggression as early and as far from
US borders as possible.
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Stakeholder Participation
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Faculty and Student Pool

• Intelligence
• National Security
• Computer Science
• Systems Engineering
• Information Science
• Operations Research
• Defense Analysis (SOLIC)
• Modeling and Simulation
• Meteorology and Oceanography
• Business
• Applied Physics
• Transportation
• Naval War College (Monterey Campus)

• US Navy
• US Coast Guard
• US Army
• US Air Force
• Special Operations
• (All services)
• Civilian
• (Federal, State and Local)

Other Educational and Civilian Research
Institutions
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Program Growth Since January 2004

• Over 400 off-campus community contacts from DoD,
  DHS, DOE, and other state, local and federal
  agencies including industry
• 50 NPS faculty involved in various capacities
• Over 80 students across disciplines and
  departments
• Department of Homeland Security
• Systems Engineering and Analysis
• Space Operations
• Information Systems
• Combat Systems, Operations Research, National
  Security Affairs, and others

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Major Take AwaysSince Stand-up in Jan 04

• Impacting national developments now by
  contributing work in progress and creating a
  community of interest
• June 04 Vulnerability and Threat Symposium (50
  participants)
• Aug 04 Maritime Domain Protection Symposium (120
  participants)
• Hosted MISRAD conference in Feb 05 to review
  requirements of WMD detection and HLD (next
  conference to be hosted by NORTHCOM)
• Co-hosting a one day MDA Requirements,
  Capabilities and Technology Forum with the USCG
  MDA Program Integration Office on 2 May

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Major Take Aways Since Stand-up in Jan 04

• Recent Developments/Ongoing Initiatives
• Partnering with LLNL on a variety of technical
  research areas
• SECRET level VTC capability installed in NPS
  Wargaming spaces to allow classified links to
  remote wargaming sites and participants
• SECRET E-mail and Server established for
  librarys MDP classified document repository
• Work in progress with
• Maritime Security Working Group NSC
• OSD, PACOM, NORTHCOM, and Coast Guard Districts
• Joint DoD/DHS (Navy/Coast Guard) National MDA
  Efforts/Working Groups

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Major Take AwaysSince Stand-up in Jan 04

• Selected MDP-RG Affiliated Products
• Student Thesis Biometrics and Crew
  Identification (Richard Hunton) Briefed to
  NORTHCOM
• Student Thesis MDA Knowledge Management
  Database (Ed Haukula)
• Student Thesis Critical Infrastructure Analysis
  Methodology for Southern California Road System
  for DoD Employment (Dan Stimpson)
• As Is National MDP System Technical Report
• Systems Engineering and Analysis (SEA) 7 Campus
  wide Integrated Project MDP in the Straits of
  Malacca.

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NPS MDP Research Group Organization
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Systems Engineering and Integration
Responsibilities

• Coordinate/Integrate All NPS MDP-Research Group
  Efforts
• Design an Integrated and Layered MDP System of
  Systems
• Develop Associated Concepts of Operations

DoD Homeland Defense Strategy Organizational
Construct LEAD Key Objectives Maximum
Awareness Interdict and Defeat Protect
DoD People and Assets
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Future Activities

• Perform Functional Analysis
• Perform Gap Analysis
• Develop System Requirements
• Develop MDP Architectures
• Perform Trade Studies
• Develop and Perform MDP System Simulation to
  Support Architecture Development

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Threat and Vulnerability Assessment Team
Threat and Vulnerability Symposium June 2004

• Identify Current Near-term Threats
• Identify Key Vulnerabilities
• Match Threat to Vulnerability
• Future / Forward Requirements
• Inspire Community of Interest

DoD Homeland Defense Strategy Organizational
Construct LEAD Key Objective Maximum Awareness
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TVAT Way Ahead

• Grow, Foster and Enhance TVAT Network of Networks
  (Community of Interest)
• Produce Threat/Vulnerabilities Vignettes
• Examine seams
• I/D most critical vs. most vulnerable
• Assist priority of applying resources
• Wargame Threat/Vulnerability Vignettes

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NPS Research to Support MDA

• Data Source Identification
• Data Model Development
• Data Cleansing, Integration, and Fusion
• Populating the Data Warehouse
• Providing Query, Data Analysis, and Mining
  Capabilities on the Warehouse Data
• National Resources with Open sources

DoD Maritime Domain Strategy and Org. Construct
LEAD, ENABLE Key Objective Maximum Awareness
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Coordinating with National MDA Research Effort

• USCG MDA effort (Including SSG Working Group
  membership/participation)
• NRL (Naval Research Lab)
• ONI (Office of Naval Intelligence)
• ONR (Office of Naval Research) Swampworks
• NSA (Coastwatcher Proposal)

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NPS MDA Future Efforts

• Collecting, storing, correlating, fusing, and
  disseminating information collected from data
  sources
• Collaborating with the MAGNET office to set up a
  mirror of MAGNET Data Warehouse at NPS and
  designate NPS a Continuation of Operations
  Back-up site

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Applied Technology Effort An Integrated Approach
for MDP Estimation of Atmosphere and Surface
Influences on Rf/IR Sensors
Transition USN Procedures/Technologies for
Estimating Atmosphere-Ocean impacts on Radar/IR
performance to Maritime Domain Protection
Surveillance.
Ken Davidson Professor of Meteorology
DoD Homeland Defense Strategy Org. Construct
LEAD, ENABLE Key Objective Maximum Awareness
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Issue IR/Radar Detection

• Pacific Command/DOS Regional Maritime Security
  Initiative addresses terrorists/piracy
• Seizing a vessel in Singapore vicinity
• Scuttling a tanker in the Straits of Malacca
• Conducting piracy in the South China Sea and
  others (Ship board Defense)

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Evaporation Duct (ED) Strength Sea Temperature
July Sea Temperature
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Impacting Phenomenon Radar wave guide at
surface. Caused by humidity decrease above warm
surface Example Off Oahu, Hawaii (29 August 2001)
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Demonstration METOC Influence on Detection (Dam
Neck,VA)
22 August 1530-2000Z X-band

• Significant increase in detection range (reduced
  2-way prop loss) due to EDH increase.
• COAMPSTM doesnt predict change but is better
  than standard assumption.

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NPS Applied Technology Future Efforts

• Work with Singapore/PACOM on Coalition Maritime
  Domain Awareness and sensor effectiveness and
  NPS/PACOM COAST Initiative
• Continue work with Navy SPECOPS

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AttackerDefender Models Critical
Infrastructure Efforts
Two opponents Attacker and Defender Defender
operates efficiently (say, at minimum cost) using
existing infrastructure Attacker seeks to damage
infrastructure to maximize defenders costs
DoD Homeland Defense Strategy Org. Construct
LEAD, ENABLE Key Objective Protect DoD
Personnel and Assets
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Critical Infrastructure

• Systems
• Roads and Rail (bridges and tunnels...)
• Airports (many targetable components)
• Pipelines (water, fuel, gas)
• Telecomm (wire, fiber-optic, wireless)
• Ports
• Electric Power
• Combined (logistics systems)
• Almost always configured as a network

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Bottleneck Illustrates Min-cut Interdiction
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DoD Homeland Defense Issue
Camp Pendleton

• Fort to Port
• (Critical Infrastructure Identification Study)
• Security of entire road network cannot be
  assumed!
• What Infrastructure is most critical? Most
  vulnerable?
• What are the costs of losing it? Protecting it?
• What are the costs of not protecting it?
• How many resources should be applied?

Port of San Diego
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Systems Engineering and Analysis (SEA)Campus
Wide Integrated Project

• Built around a carefully chosen problem
• Of urgent interest to Navy top leadership
• Picked in consultation with Superintendent NPS,
  NWC, SSG, WMISE Advisory Board
• Within capability of student/faculty teams
• That develops team building/leadership skills
• That explores end-to-end problem solutions
• Resulting in substantive reports

Crossbow a Battle group centered on UAVs and
small missile boats Expeditionary Warfare
designing a complete force to project and sustain
a MEB Defense of the Sea Base air, surface, and
subsurface threats Maritime Dominance in the
Littorals study of the littoral battlefield
environment to include unmanned vehicle
effectiveness Seabasing and Joint Expeditionary
Logistics (JELo) study of logistics issues
associated with establishment of the seabase and
support of forces ashore
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SEA-7 Integrated MDP Study

• Tasking
• Design a conceptual system of systems to defeat
  and prevent terrorism in the Maritime Domain.
• Generic Solution
• Malacca Straits
• as Use Case
• Solution capabilities
• transferable

• Technological Solution
• No Political
• No Legal
• Idealistic what could be
• possible

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Proposed Future Focus/Resource Priorities (05-06)
(for Consideration)

• Expand/Improve Wargaming capability Conduct
  Wargame in early FY06
• Re-energize and expand Threat/Vulnerability
  analysis through classified wargame symposium
• Bring MDP/HLS classified document repository on
  line with web access
• Continue team support
• facilitate dialog and interagency coordination
  and communications
• Technical research efforts continue leveraging
  CDTEMS funds and through partnerships
• Continue to engage operationally savvy NPS
  students and leverage faculty expertise in
  addressing problems and development of solutions

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• Questions?