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Weaning and nutrition for children

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Demonstrate the importance of weaning at the appropriate time ... Fizzy drinks & tea can prevent the absorption of vitamins and minerals especially Iron ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Weaning and nutrition for children


1
Weaning and nutrition for children
2
Learning outcomes
  • Demonstrate the importance of weaning at the
    appropriate time
  • Summarise the nutritional requirements for an
    infant when weaning and pre 5 nutrition
  • Identify the barriers parents encounter with
    childrens nutrition guidelines
  • List the Scottish Governments policy and agenda
    with regard to childrens nutrition in Scotland

3
Session outline
  • What is weaning when to wean
  • Where to start
  • Suitable/non suitable foods
  • Stages/Mini meals
  • Vegetarian
  • Vitamin supplements
  • General points to remember
  • Pre 5 nutrition
  • Food diary
  • Local agenda/Government Policy on childrens
    nutrition.

4
What is weaning?
  • It is introducing other foods to infants,
    alongside usual milk (breast or bottle)
  • It is sometimes called introducing solids,
    complementary or mixed feeding
  • A variety of food should be given gradually
    until baby is eating the same healthy food as the
    rest of the family.

5
Why are infants weaned?
6
Reasons why infants are weaned
  • Nutritional
  • Developmental reasons

7
When should weaning (stage one) begin?
8
What are the Risk of Early Weaning? What are
the problems with Late Weaning - after 6 months.
9
Introduction of Solids
  • Compared to 1995, mothers were introducing solids
    later in 2000
  • In Scotland, by 2 months 7 had given solids (22
    in 1995)
  • By 3 months, 28 had given solids (64 in 1995)
  • By 4 months, 83 had given solids (91 in 1995)
  • This was the guidelines at that time

10
Where to start!
  • Spoon
  • Cups
  • Flavours
  • Textures
  • Relaxed
  • Face to face
  • Experience
  • Time

11
  • Groups
  • List the foods that can be used for weaning if
    infant is weaned at 17 weeks onwards.
  • Groups
  • List the foods to avoid if infant is weaned from
  • 17 weeks onwards

12
GOOD HABITS
Babies have a natural instinct to prefer sweet
flavours, so try to discourage a sweet tooth
from an early age. Fruit is an important part
of babys food intake, so choose only ripe sweet
fruit, e.g. pear or mango, so there is no need to
add sugar.
13
STAGE 2 moving on
  • Most babies will be ready to move on to stage 2,
    around 2-4 weeks after the feeding has begun. It
    is time to establish eating patterns, which
    include a variety of foods from the 4 main food
    groups (2 - 3 times a day)

14
Fruit and Vegetables
15
Bread, Rice, Potatoes and pasta
16
Meat, fish and alternatives
17
Milk and dairy foods
18
STAGE 3 mini meals
  • Foods should come in a variety of textures
    minced or chopped, whole small vegetables, soft
    breads and liquids from the cup
  • Baby will eat with her fingers and might want to
    feed independently, using a spoon, finger foods.

19
Stage 3 Sample day
20
Vegetarian Weaning
21
Recommended type of milk
  • Up to 1 year breast or formula milk
  • (from age of 6 months, full fat cows milk can
    only be used to mix solids and in cooking but not
    as a drink)
  • 1 year to 2 years full fat cows milk can be
    given as a drink
  • From 2 years semi-skimmed milk can be used if
    child is eating growing well

22
.
  • GroupWork list the drinks not suitable for
    babies under 1 year old large group feedback

23
General points to remember
  • Children have high energy requirement for their
    size
  • Their stomachs are small they cant manage
    large amounts of food at one time
  • Their appetites fluctuate markedly from day to
    day
  • Do not add any food to babys bottle
  • Do not add sugar or salt to the food
  • (babies really are sweet enough)

24
General points to remember (contd)
  • Always supervise meals drinks, in case of
    choking
  • Try to brush your babys teeth or gums twice each
    day
  • Jars or packets of baby foods can be useful when
    going out for the day but dont rely on these too
    much as they can be more expensive than homemade
    foods often contain added sugar

25
Healthy Start www.healthystart.nhs.uk
  • Healthy start vouchers is the new name for the
    Welfare Food Scheme- instead of milk tokens
    vouchers can be used for milk, fresh fruit, fresh
    vegetables and infant formula.
  • You qualify if you are pregnant or have a child
    under 4 years AND are
  • receiving Income support
  • income based Job seeker's Allowance
  • receive Child tax credit and have an annual
    family
  • income of 14,495 or
    less
  • if you are pregnant and under 18 years

26
  • Useful resources
  • Fun first Foods NHS Health Scotland
  • Food Standard Agency Website www.eatwell.gov.uk
  • Local NHS health boards eg dietetic or health
    promotion department
  • Your Childsmile programme pack.

27
  • A varied and nutritious diet and regular physical
    activity are very important to ensure healthy
    growth and development in young children

28
We now know children should be eating from the 4
main food groups
  • Fruit and vegetables
  • Bread, Rice, Potatoes and Pasta
  • Milk and dairy foods
  • Meat, fish, eggs, beans

29
Some important points
  • Milk or water only for between meals
  • Pure unsweetened diluted fruit juice at mealtimes
  • Cows milk not suitable until at least one year
  • Semi-skimmed milk can be introduced at 2 years if
    child is eating growing well

30
Some points to remember
  • High fibre diet not recommended for children
  • Low fat diets are not suitable for healthy Pre
    5 children
  • Skimmed milk not suitable for under 5s
  • Fizzy drinks tea can prevent the absorption of
    vitamins and minerals especially Iron

31
GroupWork Identify the barriers parents
encounter with childrens nutritional guidelines
32
Barriers to a healthy diet
  • The Scottish Diet Action Plan identified four
    interlinking barriers to a healthy diet
  • Access
  • Availability
  • Skills
  • Culture

33
Group Activity
  • Food plate
  • Work in small groups and complete the food Diary
    for a pre 5 child.

34
Total Sugars
Extrinsic sugars Sugar molecules outside the cell
Intrinsic sugars Sugar molecules inside the
cell. E.g. fresh fruit and veg
Non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES) E.g. table
sugar, confectionery,honey,fruit juice.
Milk sugars E.g. lactose in dairy products (milk)
35
Food Labelling
36
Scottish initiatives on food
  • Community Food and Health (Scotland)to promote
    and focus dietary initiatives within low-income
    communities and to bring these into a strategic
    framework
  • Food Standards Agency ScotlandHas a commitment
    to improve food safety and standards in Scotland
    and protect the health of Scotland's population
    in relation to food

37
You may be involved in any one of these!
38
Questions
  • Further reading
  • Food standards agency - www.food.gov
  • www.healthscotland.org.uk
  • www.eatwell.gov.uk
  • www.bda.uk.com
  • www.takelifeon.co.uk
  • www.growingupinscotland.org.uk
  • Thank you

39
  • Almost half of all children (49) ate sweets or
    chocolates once a day or more,
  • 43 drank non-diet soft drinks.
  • Crisps or savoury snacks were slightly less
    popular - a quarter (25) of children in the
    survey ate crisps once a day or more.

40
KEY DIETARY TARGETS
  • Increase fruit and vegetable consumption
  • Increase intake of bread, especially wholemeal
    and brown bread
  • Increase intake of breakfast cereals, rice, pasta
    and potatoes
  • Maintain white fish and increase oily fish levels
  • Reduce intake of total fat and saturated fat
  • Reduce sugar intake
  • Reduce salt intake

Scottish Diet Action Plan
41
  • Schools ( health promotion and nutrition) (
    Scotland) Act 2007
  • Healthy Eating in Schools A guide to
    implementing the nutritional requirements for
    food and drink in schools (Scotland) regulations,
    2008
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