GIS at the Crossroads From Where is What and Wow, to Why and So What

1
GIS at the Crossroads From Where is What and
Wow, to Why and So What
Presented by Joseph K. Berry
GIS is more different than it is similar to
traditional mapping and data analysis
2
Theme/Thesis
GIS technology has evolved from Where
is What and Wow to Why and
So What
...and has radically changed what a map is and
how it is used
(Berry)
3
Historical Setting and GIS Evolution
Traditional Mapping
manually drafted map
Computer Mapping automates the cartographic
process (70s)
Spatial Database Management links computer
mapping techniques with traditional database
capabilities (80s)
GIS Modeling representation of relationships
within and among mapped data (90s)
(Berry)
4
Where is What and Wow Interactions
so whats new?
Connectivity and Map Delivery
Flagship versus Application-Specific Solutions
Database Containers and Map Access
(Berry)
5
Where is What and Wow to Why and So What
Analysis and Data Mining
Vector-based processing provides Thematic Mapping
and Geo-Query capabilities that repackage
existing spatial data as reports and displays
Grid-based processing provides Spatial Analysis
and Data Mining capabilities that derive new
information on relationships within and among
mapped data
(Berry)
6
Hiking and Emergency Vehicle Travel
Slope Map
as slope increases travel becomes increasingly
difficult until impossible.
The red tones are easily accessible, blue tones
difficult and gray identifies inaccessible areas
map values are in minutes.
(Berry)
7
Variable-Width Buffers (Line-of-sight)
Line-of-Sight Buffer identifies all land
locations (clipped) within 250m that can be seen
from the road 250m viewshed of the road
Line-of-Sight Exposure notes the number of time
each location in the buffer is seen
Line-of-Sight Noise locations hidden behind a
ridge or farther away from a source (road)
greatly decrease noise levels.
(Berry)
8
Where is What and Wow to Why and So What
Analysis and Data Mining
A new application of the Spatial
Technologies GPS, GIS plus IDI
that utilizes spatial relationships in a field
for site-specific management of the field
(Berry)
9
Spatial Interpolation (Geographic Distribution)
Surface Modeling is similar to slapping a big
chunk of modelers clay over the data spikes,
then taking a knife and cutting away the excess
to leave a continuous surface that encapsulates
the peaks and valleys implied by the spatial
pattern of the field samples
(Berry)
10
Visualizing Spatial Relationships
Interpolated Spatial Distribution
What spatial relationships do you see?
do relatively high levels of P often occur with
high levels of K and N? how often? where?
(Berry)
11
The Precision Ag Process (Fertility example)
fertilization rates vary for the different
clusters on-the-fly
(Berry)
12
Where is What and Wow to Why and So What DSS
and Visualization
GIS Modeling Framework application models are
developed by logically sequencing map analysis
operations. A graphical user interface enables
users to modify model inputs similar to using a
spreadsheet program to analyze financial data
what if scenarios
(Berry)
13
GIS Modeling Framework (Processing Levels)
Campground Location the best places to locate a
campground
(Berry)
14
Linking Concepts and Code (Analysis Scripts)
map analysis logic ingrained in the flowchart
is linked into GIS commands
(Berry)
15
Interactive DSS (Stamping Model Logic)
interactive Map Pedigree becomes part of a
derived maps metadata
(Berry)
16
Where is What and Wow to Why and So What DSS
and Visualization
Image Draping -- is an established technique in
GIS. Draping a topographic or thematic map onto
a 3-D terrain surface is effective but relies on
abstract colors, shading and symbols.
Map Abstraction
(Berry)
17
Creating Realistic Landscapes
Geometric Modeling -- builds a scene of
realistic features, such as trees, from a given
viewpoint based on GIS inventories of tree types
and densities.
Virtual Reality
(Berry)
18
Landscape Visualization (Steps in 3-D Rendering)
Laying the Carpet
Step 1) 3-D Terrain Surface
Step 2) Polygon Containers
Step 3) Surface Texture
Step 4) Tree Objects
Step 5) Final Composition
Step 6) Atmospheric Effects
Pouring the Trees
(Berry)
19
Visualizing Forest Conditions
changing the landscapes carpet and objects to
simulate different conditions
(Berry)
20
Landscape Visualization (GIS Rendering)
(Berry)
21
Landscape Visualization (Clear cut)
(Berry)
22
Landscape Visualization (Water retention cut)
(Berry)
23
3-D Rendering As the Next Wave of Wow
(Berry)
24
Landscape Visualization (Video Mapping)
High Rendering Fidelity
(Berry)
25
Landscape Visualization (Real and Cognitive
worlds)
Multimedia Mapping enables capture data and
images within its actual spatial context...
what is
3-D Rendering enables users to visualize forest
inventory data and simulate...
what could be
DSS enables users to interact with application
logic...
what if
physical space to decision space
(Berry)
26
GIS Technology In Transition An Appraisal of
Past Experience and Probable Future
weve covered a lot, any questions?
Now, or pigeonhole me during the
conference.
GIS technology has evolved from Where is
What and Wow to Why and So What
(Berry)