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Security and Transnational Issues

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According to Keohane and Nye, political activity can be described as ' ... Hijacking. Arson. Assault. Kidnapping. Hostage-taking. Terrorism in the world ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Security and Transnational Issues


1
Security and Transnational Issues
  • PI3036 International Security
  • Week 9

2
What is transnational?
  • According to Keohane and Nye, political activity
    can be described as 'transnational' when
    'tangible or intangible items move across state
    boundaries' and 'when at least one actor is not
    an agent of a government or an intergovernmental
    organisation'.

3
Security and Transnational Issues
  • Intl Organised Crime and Terrorism
  • How do we define organised crime?
  • Why should we be examining OC?
  • What is the relationship between OC and security?
  • What is the relationship between organised crime
    and terrorism?
  • What is terrorism?
  • Does OC constitute a security threat in the same
    way as that of international terrorism or nuclear
    proliferation?

4
How do we define organised crime?
  • Definitions of Organised Crime
  • Difficult to define
  • Cressey Economic definition
  • Maltz Political definition

5
How do we define organised crime?
  • Types of Criminality
  • Labour racketeering/extortion
  • Drug trafficking
  • Other trafficking
  • Price-fixing
  • Illegal gambling
  • Prostitution (not Sicilian Mafia)
  • Extortion rings
  • Private terrorism

6
Why study organised crime?
  • Political studies is concerned with developing a
    knowledge and understanding of government and
    society.
  • In some cases, there has been a historic link
    between OC and government US and Italy

7
How can we study OC?
  • Should we consider transnational organised crime
    in the same way that we do nuclear proliferation
    or other insecurities?
  • Traditional approach No
  • Critical approach Yes

8
Transnational OC in focus
  • Russian Organised Crime
  • racketeering,
  • corruption,
  • intimidation of businesses and public officials,
  • money laundering and extra-judicial
    killings/assassinations.
  • Seen throughout Central and Eastern Europe as
    well as US

9
Transnational OC in focus
  • Drugs and Latin America
  • Cocaine
  • Heroin
  • Marijuana
  • American War on Drugs
  • Invasion of Panama
  • Plan Columbia
  • Shiprider Agreement

10
Organised Crime and Terrorism
  • What is the relationship?
  • Two sides of the same coin?
  • One political, one economic
  • What factors govern todays relationship?
  • Globalisation
  • Regionalisation
  • Information technology

11
Organised Crime and Terrorism
  • Examples
  • Provisional IRA
  • FARC (Columbia)
  • Shining Path (Peru)
  • PFLP (Lebanon)
  • Hezbollah (Lebanon)?

12
What is terrorism?
  • Definition
  • Goal Political
  • Purpose Fear
  • Targets victim reactions
  • Methods combat tactics
  • Conditions Asymmetric conflict

13
What is terrorism?
  • CIA Definition of Terrorism
  • The term terrorism means premeditated,
    politically motivated violence perpetrated
    against non-combatant targets by sub-national
    groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to
    influence an audience.
  • The term international terrorism means
    terrorism involving the territory or the citizens
    of more than one country.
  • The term terrorist group means any group that
    practices, or has significant subgroups that
    practice, international terrorism.

14
What is terrorism?
  • Opportunities for expansion
  • Technology
  • Transnational support
  • Media
  • Religion
  • Acts
  • Bombing
  • Hijacking
  • Arson
  • Assault
  • Kidnapping
  • Hostage-taking

15
Terrorism in the world
16
Organised Crime and Terrorism
  • Contradicting forces
  • Organised crime does not work in anarchy, it
    relies on state structures.
  • As in any business, constant flux is never
    profitable for long.
  • Terrorist groups
  • Want political change, which may not always suit
    organised crime groups.
  • Thrive on disrupting the status quo.

17
Conclusion
  • Does OC constitute a security threat in the same
    way as that of international terrorism or nuclear
    proliferation?
  • Yes
  • No

18
Conclusion
  • Intl Organised Crime and Terrorism
  • How do we define organised crime?
  • Why should we be examining OC?
  • What is the relationship between OC and security?
  • What is the relationship between organised crime
    and terrorism?
  • What is terrorism?
  • Does OC constitute a security threat in the same
    way as that of international terrorism or nuclear
    proliferation?
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