Human Body Systems

1
Human Body Systems
2
Respiratory System

• Functions
• Breathing brings air into the lungs and removes
  waste gases
• Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose
  to carbon dioxide, water and energy

3
Respiratory system

• Upper and Lower respiratory tracts

4
Fact

• The surface area of the aveoli in your lungs is
  about 70 square meters, or about the same as
  three lanes of a bowling alley.

5
Diseases of respiratory system

• Lung Cancer -3rd leading cause of death in men
  and women in the U.S.
• Emphysema (causes aveoli to enlarge)
• Asthma (lung disorder)

6
Cardiovascular System

• Coronary circulation is the flow of blood to and
  from the tissues of the heart.
• Pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood
  through the heart, to the lungs, and back to the
  heart.
• Oxygen rich blood is moved to all tissues and
  organs of the body and is called systemic
  circulation.

7
Organs of the circulatory system

• Heart
• Veins
• Arteries
• Capillaries

8
Heart

• Made of cardiac muscle tissue
• Has 4 compartments called chambers two upper are
  atriums, two lower are ventricles.
• Heart has arteries and veins just like any other
  muscle

9
Fact

• Your heart beats 60-70 times per minute. Each
  time it pumps 60 mL of blood. How many mLs in 24
  hours?
• 5184000 mLs, which is equivalent to
• 5184 liter bottles

10
Heart

• When these arteries are blocked, it starves the
  heart of oxygen and nutrients, resulting in a
  heart attack

11
Veins

• Veins carry blood back to the heart
• Veins have valves
• 2 major veins carry return blood from your body
  to your heart the superior vena cava returns
  blood from your head and the inferior vena cava
  from your lower body

12
Arteries

• Carry blood away from your heart
• Have thick, elastic walls made of tissue and
  smooth muscle

13
Capillaries

• Microscopic blood vessels
• Walls are only one cell thick
• Bloodshot eyes
• Nutrients and oxygen diffuse from body cells into
  capillaries

14
Blood pressure

• The force of the blood against the walls of your
  blood vessels
• Measured in two numbers
• Systolic is the first number and it measures the
  pumping of your heart
• Diastolic is the second number and it measures
  pressure that occurs as the ventricles fill with
  blood before they contract again

15
Atherosclerosis

• Fatty deposits build up on arterial walls. Eating
  fatty foods high in cholesterol and saturated
  fats can cause these deposits to form.
• Not all cholesterol is bad and some is essential
  for health.

16
Blood

• Carries oxygen from lungs to body
• Takes carbon dioxide away
• Carries waste products to kidneys
• Transports nutrients
• Cells in blood fight infections

17
Blood

• Made up of plasma (55), mostly water.
• Platelets help with clotting
• Red blood cells made at rate of 2-3 million per
  second deliver oxygen remove waste
• White help fight bacteria, viruses, etc.

18
Blood Types

• 4 types
• A, B, AB, O
• Types A, B, AB have antigens coating their
  surfaceRh factor
• Wrong type of blood will kill you
• Type O is universal

19
Diseases of the Blood

• Sickle-cell anemia
• Anemia is a disease of the red blood cells
• Leukemia produces immature white blood cells that
  dont fight infections

20
Fact

• First blood transfusion was in early 1800s.
• French physician Jean Baptiste Denis successfully
  used sheeps blood.
• His second patient died.

21
Lymphatic System

• Fluid is collected and returned from the body
  tissues to the blood by the lymphatic system
• No heart-like structure
• Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell
• Tonsils, thymus and spleen are part of system

22
Excretory System

• Includes many systems such as digestive,
  respiratory, skin and urinary system.
• Each gets rid of waste in its own way.

23
Digestive System

• Food and liquid in
• Water and undigested food out

24
Respiratory System

• Part of excretory system
• Oxygen in
• Carbon dioxide and water out.

25
Skin

• Part of excretory system
• Salt and some organic substances out

26
Urinary System

• Water and salts in
• Excess water, metabolic wastes and salts out
• Controls blood volume (blood pressure)
• Works in conjunction with hypothalamus to balance
  fluid levels in blood

27
Organs of Urinary System

• Kidneys are bean shaped organs
• Located at back of abdomen near waist level
• Kidney filters blood of waste products, creates
  waste product called urine

28
Kidneys

• All of your blood is filtered through your
  kidneys in about 5 minutes
• Connected to bladder through two ducts called
  ureters
• Drains urine into your bladder

29
Bladder

• Bladder is where urine is held until you release
  it
• Bladder is an elastic, muscular organ that can
  stretch to hold .5 liter of urine.
• Avg. human produces approximately 1 liter of
  urine daily

30
Diseases of the Urinary System

• A person can live normally with one kidney
• If both kidneys fail, a person must use a
  dialysis machine to filter wastes out of the
  blood to prevent death

31
Skeletal System

• Function
• Shape and support
• Produces red blood cells
• Stores minerals
• Protects organs and soft tissue
• At birth you have 300 bones
• As an adult you have 206 bones

32
Muscular System

• Over 600 muscles in your body
• Control movement
• Voluntary muscles you choose to move them
• Involuntary muscles move without you telling
  them to move, ie. heart

33
Muscles

• 3 types
• Skeletal attached to bones to help you move
• Cardiac heart
• Smooth intestines, bladder, blood vessels,
  internal organs

34
Nervous System

• Responds to stimuli to maintain homeostasis
• Central nervous is your brain and spinal cord
• Peripheral nervous system is all the nerves other
  than the CNS

35
Brain

• Three main parts
• Cerebrum
• Cerebellum
• Brain stem
• You also have a left and right half

36
Brain

• Your brain contains approximately 100 billion
  neurons
• Cerebrum
• Interprets input from senses
• Controls movement
• Responsible for learning and memory

37
Brain

• Cerebellum
• Responsible for coordinating your muscles and
  balance
• Keeps you from falling down when you walk

38
Brain

• Brain stem
• Controls involuntary actions such as breathing
  and heartbeat

39
Endocrine System

• Endocrine system produces chemicals that control
  many of the bodys daily activities as well as
  long term changes such as growth and development

40
Endocrine

• Endocrine system is made up of glands
• Glands produce hormones
• Hormones are chemicals that turn off, turn on,
  speed up, and slow down the activities of organs
  and tissues

41
Endocrine

• Each gland produces a different hormone
  responsible for a different task.
• Adrenal glands produce adrenaline
• Testes produce testosterone
• Ovaries produce estrogen

42
Immune System

• Body has several lines of defense skin,
  breathing passages, mouth and stomach.
• Pathogens land on skin and most are destroyed by
  chemicals in oil and sweat.

43
Immune

• Pathogens get through skin usually only when
  there is break in skin a scab quickly forms to
  protect the pathway.

44
Immune

• Breathing pathogens enter but are trapped and
  destroyed by mucus layer. Cilia in nose move
  accumulated material out.

45
Immune

• Pathogens found in food are destroyed first by
  saliva, and then by powerful acids in stomach.

46
T Cells BCells

• T-cells identify pathogens by identifying a
  chemical marker on the pathogen called an antigen
• Some T-cells attack pathogens others activate
  B-cells.

47
Immune

• B-cells are called lymphocytes and produce
  proteins called antibodies. When antibodies bind
  to the antigens on a pathogen, they mark it for
  destruction by phagocytes.

48
Reproductive System

• Sexual reproduction involves the production of
  eggs by the female and sperm by the male, which
  join together during fertilization.
• Each sex cell (egg or sperm) contains half (23)
  of the chromosomes required (46 for humans).

49
Male Reproductive System

• Role is to produce sperm
• Parts and pieces
• Testes, scrotum, and penis
• Testes - produce sperm also produce the hormone,
  testosterone.
• Scrotum external pouch that holds testes
• Penis external organ

50
Female reproductive system

• Role is to produce eggs and upon fertilization,
  nourish young until birth
• Parts and pieces
• Ovaries produce eggs
• Uterus hollow muscular organ the size of a pear
• Vagina muscular passageway birth canal

51
References

• All graphics were retrieved from Microsoft Office
  Clipart