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Formulations, Adjuvants

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Formulations, Adjuvants & Drift. In the Basic Manual ... Check for lumps, clumps, gunk, goop, glop, heat. Spray Additives. Carrier body to formulation ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Formulations, Adjuvants


1
Formulations, Adjuvants Drift
  • In the Basic Manual
  • Formulations - Page 43
  • Adjuvants - Page 47
  • Drift Pages 55
  • Pages 62, 63

2
What is a Formulation
  • How a pesticide is packaged.
  • Contains
  • Active Ingredient
  • Inert Ingredient

3
Types of formulations
  • Liquid
  • pounds a.i. per gallon
  • Dry
  • a.i. per pound

?A.I. Chemical properties ? influences
formulation.
4
Active Ingredients a.i.
  • Pesticidal effect

5
Inert Ingredients
  • Inactive ingredients mixed with a.i.
  • Formulation easier to handle or store.
  • Toxic or non-toxic

ANTIFREEZE
6
Liquid Formulations
  • EC emulsifiable concentrate
  • S - soluble
  • ULV ultra low volume
  • F or FL - flowables
  • ME micro-encapsulated

7
Dry Formulations
  • WP Wettable powder
  • DF Dry Flowable
  • WDG Water Dispersable Granule
  • D - Dust
  • P or G Pellets or Granules
  • M or ME Micro-Encapsulated

8
Effects of Different Formulations
Formulation Formulation Hazards Phytox Equipment Agitate Compatible
WP Inhale Safe abrasive Yes High
DF/WDG DF/WDG Safe Safe abrasive Yes Good
SP SP Dusts Safe Non-abrasive Some Fair
D D Inhale Safe NA NA NA
G or P G or P Inhale Safe NA NA NA
EC EC Dermal Maybe Seals, gaskets No Fair
F or FL F or FL Dermal Maybe abrasive Yes Fair
S S Dermal Safe Non-abrasive No Fair
M or ME M or ME Dermal Safe Generally ok Yes Fair
9
Convert a.i. to formulated gallons pg 73
active ingredient
Gallons of Formulation

lbs. a.i per gallon
0.50 pounds of picloram required
0.50 lbs. A.I.
0.25 gallons Tordon

2 lbs. A.I. Per gal.
10
Convert a.i. dry formulation
active ingredient
Lbs. Of formulation
Gallons of Formulation

a.i per pound
lbs. a.i per gallon
1 pound of tebuthiuron required
1 pounds A.I.
1.25 pounds Spike

0.80 a.i. per pound
11
Mixing Order
  • Fertilizer based surfactants first and
    compatibility agents
  • Wettable Powders, Dry flowables
  • Agitate
  • Liquid formulations, Solubles
  • Emulsifiable concentrates
  • Soluble powders Remaining Surfactants

12
COMPATIBILITY TEST
  • A small scale test using a 1 quart jar
  • Proportions
  • 1 teaspoon per pint 1 pint per 100 gallons of
    water
  • Check for lumps, clumps, gunk, goop, glop, heat

13
Spray Additives
  • Carrier body to formulation
  • Aids in storage and application
  • At time of manufacture
  • Diluent
  • Dilutes concentrated formulation
  • At time of Application
  • Solvents
  • Aid in mixing
  • Adjuvants
  • - Enhance or modify performance

14
Adjuvants include
  • Acidifiers -neutralize alkaline solutions
  • Acidifiers - lower pH.
  • Buffering agents - stabilize the pH of spray
    solutions.
  • Anti-foaming agents
  • Compatibility agents
  • Deposition aids
  • Drift control agents
  • Emulsification aids

15
Adjuvants also include
Retention agents
Dispersing and Suspension Agents
  • Many surfactants

Surface-Acting agents)
16
Surfactants
Surface Acting Agent
Reduces Surface Tension
17
(No Transcript)
18
Contact Angle with a surfactant 30 to 60
degrees. More leaf surface is covered
30-60o
19
Surfactants/wetting agentsNon-ionic Surfactants
  • Composed of alcohols and fatty acids
  • Non-ionic no charge
  • Cationic ()
  • Anionic (-)
  • Reduces surface tension
  • Improves spreading, sticking and herbicide uptake
  • All purpose

20
Silicones Surfactants
  • Blend of silicone non-ionic surfactants some
    are entirely silicone
  • Good spreadability
  • Maximum rainfastness due to increased absorption.

21
OilsCrop Oil Concentrates (COC)
  • Blend of paraffin based petroleum oil and
    surfactants
  • Provides penetration characteristics of crop oil
    and surface tension reducing qualities of the NIS
  • Used primarily with grass herbicides

22
True Seed Oils
  • Seed oils(corn, soybean, canola) with an alcohol
    to form an ester
  • MSO and ESO
  • Methylated Seed Oil
  • Ethylated Seed Oil

More crop friendly than COCs
23
FERTILIZERS SURFACTANTS
  • Improved herbicide performance
  • Neutralizes hard water mineral ions
  • Ammonium sulfate
  • Adjust pH
  • more herbicide is transported into the plant.
  • 2,4-D
  • Pursuit (imazethapyr)
  • Poast (sethoxydim)
  • Used primarily with broadleaf herbicides.

24
Water Quality
  • pH (alkalinity)
  • Hard Water
  • Dirty Water

25
Water Quality
  • Alkaline Hydrolysis effect of high pH
  • Organophosphate and carbamate pesticides degrade
    in pH gt7.
  • Organophosphates
  • Malathion/Parathion
  • Dorsban/Lorsban
  • Diazinon
  • Carbamates
  • Sevin
  • Lannate

26
pH and Pesticides
Trade name Common name pH Half-life
Furadan Carbofuran 9.0 6.0 78 hours 8 days
Sevin Carbaryl 9 7 24 hours 24 days
Malathion Malathion 7.0 8.0 35 days 9.0 hours
Imidan Phosmet 4.5 7.0 13 days lt 12 hours
27
Water Quality Low pH
  • pH 5-7 is optimum for most herbicides.
  • Acid Hydrolysis
  • Sulfonyl Urea herbicides degrade in acidic
    environments.
  • Ally and Escort
  • Most sulfonyl ureas are stable in pH gt 7.9

28
Other pH Effects
  • Mixing Assert and Curtail
  • Assert works best at pH 4
  • Curtail is an amine raises the pH to 7 when
    mixed with Assert
  • Assert precipitates out
  • Use Curtail M (an ester) if you need to mix
    these.

29
At a low pH, 2,4-D is an uncharged molecule
At a high pH, 2,4-D becomes anionic or
negatively charged
O-CH2-C-OH
O-CH2-C-O-
H
OH-
30
Water Quality Hardness
  • Use max rate or reduce carrier volume
  • Severe hard water (Roundup) - add ammonium
    sulfate (AMS) or spray-grade water conditioner
  • Severe hard water (2,4-D other salt based
    herbicides
  • adjuvants
  • Avoid salt based herbicides

31
Water Quality Hardness
  • Hard Water Ca and mg
  • ppm or grains
  • Affect salt-based herbicides Roundup, 2,4-D.

32
Salt-based herbicide or a surfactant Calcium
replaces the sodium
O-CH2-C-O- Na
Ca2
Cl
Cl
33
Different 2,4-Ds Hard Water
  • Form of 2,4-D Stability in Hard Water
  • Di-ethyl amine Fair
  • K, Na salts Poor
  • Esters Good

34
Formulations, Adjuvants Drift
  • In the Basic Manual
  • Formulations - Page 43
  • Adjuvants - Page 47
  • Drift Pages 55
  • Pages 62, 63
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