L-22 Part III Era of Great Reforms 8. Culture

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L-22Part III Era of Great Reforms8. Culture
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A. Themes

1. Tremendous flowering in all fields of arts,
   humanities, social sciences
2. Populism in elite culture from realism to
   idealization
3. Disillusionment, accommodation, new currents in
   1880s
4. Incremental change in popular culture, but still
   religious predominance

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B. Fine Arts

1. Academic painting
2. Realists of 1860s
3. Peredvizhniki (Itinerants)
4. Music

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1. Official Art Imperial Academy

1. Institutionalized
2. Major Themes
3. Key Figures

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Alexander Ivanov1806-58Appearance of Christ
Before the People 1837-57
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K. Briullov The Last Day of Pompei (1833)
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A. Venetsianov, In the Field Spring
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Pavel Fedotov (1815-52)Fresh Cavalier 1848
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2. Realists of 1860s

1. Artel khudozhnikov (Commune of Artists)
2. Main Themes
3. Key Figures

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Valerii Iakobi (1833-1902)Rest-stop for
Arrestees (1861)
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Vasilii Perov 1833-82Trinity (1866)
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Vasilii Perov 1833-82 Icon Procession 1861
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Vasilii Perov 1833-82 Tea Time (1862)
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Nikolai Nevrev 1830-1904Archdeacon Singing at
Merchant Nameday 1866
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Vasilii Pukirev 1832-90The Unequal Marriage
(1862)
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V.V. PukirevThe Sacristan Explains the Last
Judgment (1868)
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3. Peredvizhniki

1. Organization of Peredvizniki association
2. Main themes
3. Key artists

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Nikolai Ge 1831-1894 A. Herzen (1867), Leo
Tolstoy (1884)
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Vasilii Perov 1833-82F. Dostoyevsky and V. Dal
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Vasilii Perov 1833-82 Pugachevs Judgment
(1879)
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Ilya Repin (1844-1930) Volga Barge-haulers
1870-73
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Peasant Women Returning from Funeral (1880)
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Ilya Repin 1844-1930Ivan the Terrible and Son
1870-4
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Ilya Repin1844-1930 The Unexpected 1884
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Ilya Repin 1844-1930Refusing to Take Last Rites
1879-84
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Vasilii V. Vereshchagin 1842-1904The Apotheosis
of War (1872)
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Vasilii Vereshchagin 1842-1904War (1873)
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Vasilii Vereshchagin 1842-1904Mortally Wounded
1873
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V.V. Vereshchagin 1842-1904The Sudden Attack
(1871)
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V.V. Vereshchagin 1842-1904After the Assault
(1881)
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Nikolai Iaroshenko 1846-98The Stoker 1878
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I.N. Krasmkoi 1837-87Mina Moiseev (1883)
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Ivan Shishkin 1832-98The Pine Forest
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Ivan Shishkin 1832-98 Morning in the Pine Forest
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Nikolai Iaroshenko 1846-98Everywhere there is
life 1888
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Nikolai Iaroshenko 1846-98Portrait of the
philosopher V.V. Solovev
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Ilya Repin 1844-1930Portraits of Witte and
Pobedonostsev (1901, 1903)
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Ivan Kramskoi (1833-87)Alexander III 1887
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I.A. KramskoiCoronation of Alexander III (1883)
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I.N. Kramskoi(1837-87)The People Greet the
Newly-Crowned Emperor (1883)
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4. MusicClassical European Music

• Petr Tchaikovsky Anton Rubinshtein

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4. MusicMighty Handful

• Modest Mussogrsky

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Mussorgsky Boris Godunov
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C. Literature

• Literary World
• Art and Politics
• Raznochintsy-Realists of the 1860s
• Populists of the 180s

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1. Literary World

1. The Journals
2. Critics
3. Poetry Nekrasov and Fet
4. Theater Ostrovsky
5. Prose Turgenev, Goncharov, Dostoevsky and
   Tolstoy

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Poetry Nikolai Nekrasov (1821-77) and Afanasii
Fet (1820-92)
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Theater Alexander Ostrovsky 1823-96

• The Insolvent Debtor 1841/61
• A Lucrative Position 1861
• Its Not All Shrovetide for the Cat 1871

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Prose Ivan Turgenev 1818-83

• Notes of a Hunter 1847-52
• Fathers and Sons 1862
• Virgin Soil 1877

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Prose Ivan Goncharov 1812-91

• Oblomov (1859)

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Prose Fyodor Dostoevsky 1821-81

• Notes from the House of the Dead (1860-2)
• Crime and Punishment (1866)
• The Idiot (1868-9)
• The Possessed (1871-72)
• The Brothers Kara-mazov (1879-80)

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Prose Leo Tolstoy 1828-1910

• War and Peace 1863-9
• Anna Karenina 1873-7

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L. Tolstoy Editing Anna Karenina
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2. Art and Politics

• Realists of the 1860s
• Populists of the 1870s

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Realists of 1860s

• Themes
• Death of gentry
• New People model of raznochinets-nihilist
• Harsh realism about peasantry, petty townspeople
• Key Figures

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N. G. Chernyshevsky 1828-89

• What Is To Be Done? (1862-3)

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Nikolai Pomialovskii 1835-63

• Molotov (1862)
• Petty-bourgeois Bliss (1862)
• The Seminary (1863)

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Vasilii A. Sleptsov 1836-78

• Vladimirka I Kliazma (1861)
• Difficult Times (1865)

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Populist Writers of 1870s

• Themes
• Idealization of peasantry, commune
• Disenchantment, denial
• Key Writers

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Alexander Engelgardt 1832-93

• Letters from the Countryside 1872-82

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Gleb Uspenskii 1843-1902

• From a Rural Diary (1877-80)
• The Power of Earth (1882)

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Nikolai Zlatovratskii 1845-1911

• Foundations 1877, 1880, 1882

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E. Popular Culture

1. Dynamics
2. Observance

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Russian Orthodox Observance
Form Sex 1850 1900
Confession Communion M 84.18 87.03
Confession Communion F 85.84 91.03
Confession only M 5.98 0.52
Confession only F 6.06 0.45
Excused absence M 2.33 5.76
Excused absence F 1.09 2.58
Indifference M 7.51 6.69
Indifference F 7.01 5.94
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Rural Religious Procession
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Rural Religious Procession
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Icon Procession (Novgorod)
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Ilya Repin (1833-1930)Icon Procession in Kursk
1883