Excretory system

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Excretory system
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The Urinary System comprises of

• Kidney
• Ureter
• Urinary Bladder
• Urethra

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Function of Urinary system

• The urinary system eliminates waste products from
  the body and helps regulate the bodys water and
  chemical balance.
• The Kidneys are the major excretory organ of the
  body.
• Each kidney consists of millions nephrons
• The nephrons remove urea , salts, and other
  poisonous waste products from blood.

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Function of Urinary system

• Urine is produced in the kidneys and trickles
  down twenty four hours a day through two ten to
  twelve inch long tubes called Ureters.
• Urine leaves the kidneys via the ureters and
  travels to the bladder.The bladder is a muscular
  sac that stores the urine.

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Urinary System
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Kidney
Nephron

• The body has two kidneys located in the middle
  of the back at about the location of our elbows.
• The kidneys are bean, shaped dark red color
  organ.
• The kidneys also secrete hormones that regulate
  body functions such as blood pressure and the
  production of Red blood cell.

Vein
Artery
Ureter
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The Nephron

• Each kidneys consists of millions nephrons.
• The actual filtering occurs in tiny units in side
  our kidneys called nepherons .
• The nephron is a filtration system that is
  responsible for the reabsorption of water,salt.
• In the nephron a glomerulus which is a tiny blood
  vessel, or capillary-intertwines with a tiny
  urine collecting tube called tubule.
  

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Urine Processing in Nephron
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Ureter
Right kidney
Left kidney

• There are two long tubes ten to twelve inch
  called Ureter.
• The ureter connect the kidneys to the bladder.
• The ureter are about one fourth in diameter and
  their muscular walls contract to make waves of
  movement to force the urine in to the bladder.

Ureter
bladder
Prostate gland
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Urinary bladder
Right ureter

• The bladder is a muscular sac that stores the
  urine.
• About 150 liters of fluid pass through our
  kidneys every day .
• Hole life times adults pass about 40,000 liters
  of urine. .
• This is enough to fill 500 bath tubes .

Left ureter
Urethra
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Urethra

• The tube through which the urines flows out of
  the body is called Urethra.
• .
• The rest of the waste products keep moving
  through the tubule in to the urethra.
• After being stored in the bladder urine released
  in to urethra which leads out of the body time to
  time.

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Kidney stone

• A kidney stone is a hard mass developed from
  crystals that separate from the urine and build
  up on the inner surfaces of the kidney.
• The most common type of stone contains calcium in
  combination with either oxalate or phosphate.

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What causes kidney stones?

• Doctors do not always know what causes a stone to
  form.
• While certain foods may promote stone formation
  in people who are susceptible, scientists do not
  believe that eating any specific food causes
  stones to form in people who are not susceptible.

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What are the symptoms?

• Kidney stones often do not cause any symptoms.
• Usually, the first symptom of a kidney stone is
  extreme pain, which occurs when a stone acutely
  blocks the flow of urine.
• Typically, a person feels a sharp, cramping pain
  in the back and side in the area of the kidney or
  in the lower abdomen.

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Precautions

• Fortunately, surgery is not usually necessary.
  Most kidney stones can pass through the urinary
  system with plenty of water (2 to 3 quarts a day)
  to help move the stone along.
• A simple and most important lifestyle change to
  prevent stones is to drink more liquidswater is
  best.