The Hundred Years' War

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The Hundred Years War and the Plague (1347-1453)
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The Church Loses Power

• In 1300, Pope Boniface VIII tried to enforce
  papal authority on kings as previous popes had
• King Phillip IV of France rejected Bonifaces
  assertion that kings must always obey the pope
• End of papal authority over secular rulers

King Phillip IV and his court.
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Avignon and the Great Schism

• Phillip IV convinced the College of Cardinals to
  appoint a French archbishop as the new pope
• Disputes over the nationality of the pope led to
  a divide in the church
• The Great Schism Split in the Church between
  French and Italian Christians
• Eventually the selection of a new pope ended the
  Great Schism but left the Church greatly weakened

Pope Boniface VIII
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The Bubonic Plague Strikes

• During the 1300s, an epidemic swept Europe
• Originated in the Mongolian Steppe
• Spread via trade routes
• Black Death Killed one-third of the population
• Disease was carried by fleas
• Was called the Black Death because of the black
  spots persons infected with the disease developed
  on their skin
• Over 50 million died

The Spread of the Plague
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Medieval Art and the Plague
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Medieval Art and the Plague
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Attempts to Stop the Plague
Flagellants
Jewish Pogroms
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Effects of the Plague

• Town populations fell
• Trade declined
• Prices rose
• Church lost prestige
• Prayers failed to stop the plague

A plague victim reveals a buboe on his leg, 14th
century CE.
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Causes of the 100 Years' War
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A Struggle for National Identity

• France was NOT a united country before the war
  began.
• The French king only controlled about half of the
  country.

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The Hundred Years War

• When the last Capetian king died without a
  successor, England's Edward III claimed the right
  of the French throne
• Edward was a grandson of Phillip IV
• The Hundred Years War (1337-1453)
• Century of war between France and England over
  rule of France
• Victory passed back in forth between the two
• Eventually the French drove out the English

The Battle of Agincourt, 1415 CE
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Battle of Agincourt
Battle of Agincourt
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Joan of Arc

• In 1420, the French and English signed a treaty
• Gave Henry V the crown after the death of the
  French king Charles VI
• Joan of Arc Peasant girl who felt moved by God
  to save France from its English invaders and
  return the crown the Frances true king, Charles
  VII
• Battle of Orleans
• Captured by the English in 1430
• Tried as a heretic and burned at the stake in
  1431

Joan of Arc
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The Impact of the Hundred Years War

• Strong feelings of nationalism
• King was now seen as a national figure, not
  simply a feudal lord
• The power and prestige of the French monarch
  increased
• Many historians consider the end of the Hundred
  Years War in 1453 as the end of the Middle Ages
• The twin pillars of the medieval world, religious
  devotion and chivalry, both crumbled

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France Becomes Unified!
France in 1337
France in 1453