LITTORAL ECOSYSTEM PURIFICATION BY USE OF BIOPOSITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS WITH ALGAL BIOFOULING

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LITTORAL ECOSYSTEM PURIFICATION BY USE OF
BIOPOSITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS WITH ALGAL BIOFOULING

• Applicant Ecology and Environmental Management
  Chair of MSTU

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Main idea of the project

• Now natural reservoirs are badly polluted with
  industrial and urban sewage. First of all,
  wastewaters are discharged into ecosystems with
  the highest biological productive potential
  surface freshwater reservoirs and littoral sea
  ecosystems. Pollution causes considerable
  degrading changes of the aquatic ecosystem, such
  as its species variety decrease and substances
  flow balance disturbance.
• Under such conditions it becomes topical to treat
  polluted natural water reservoirs. Conventional
  purification technologies are not very
  acceptable.
• It is suggested to use a system of artificial
  reefs biopositive constructions covered with
  algae for natural reservoirs purification.
• The main idea of this purification method is to
  use the algal capability for active consumption
  from water and accumulation in their biomass of
  different environment pollution components, such
  as organic and mineral forms of nutrients, oil
  products, and heavy metals.

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• Periodical harvest gathering of algal mass allows
  effective extracting of pollutants in the algal
  biomass composition from the water reservoir.
  Further algal biomass utilization for different
  purposes (energy production, biologically active
  compounds extraction) significantly increases
  ecological potential of this treatment method.
• The main task of the investigations is to search
  for conditions, where the biomass growth rate and
  pollution component consumption are maximal.
• Morphology of the artificial reefs,
• Water pollution gradient,
• Hydrodynamics gradient
• are considered as the main regulators of the
  biofouling parameters.

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• Preliminary results.
• New ideology of biogeochemical and
  morpho-physiological regulation of the algal
  bioproductive parameters was used in
  investigations
• Numerous investigations of algae photosynthesis
  intensity, and growth rate influenced by the
  morphology of overgrown constructions,
  hydro-chemical, and hydrodynamic gradients were
  carried out under conditions of different seas
  (Barents Sea, the Sea of Japan, Black Sea).
• Original method for water movement measurements
  by means of the plaster structures was
  elaborated. This method allows measure the water
  movement in different scales and space from
  metric scale of algal habitat till thin
  millimeter scale boundary layer of water near the
  algal body surface.

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Traditional artificial reefs
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Bio-ecological systems as living-unliving systems
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Morpho-physiologycal regulation of the
bio-productive algal parameters
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Morphology of the artificial reefs as regulator
of dimensional structure of biofouling
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Artificial reefs as morpho-physiological
regulators of biofouling
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Morphology of the artificial reefs as the algal
abundance regulator
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Big-scale hydrodynamic measurements
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Thin layer hydrodynamic measurements
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(No Transcript)
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Algal morphology as physioiolycal regulator
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Water movement as regulator of density effects
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Functional dependences of algal bio-productive
parameters from the main investigated gradients
were found. Obtained results allow estimating
efficiency of the water ecosystem purification
with use of algaes artificial reefs.
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Purpose of the project

• Scientific and applied direction
• Search of the optimum values of the investigated
  gradients where the algal bio- productive
  parameters will be maximal.
• Creation of the pilot plant of the bio-positive
  construction with algal bio-fouling.
• Educational direction
• Elaboration of the methodic materials for the
  ecologist students training in the sphere of the
  ecological ways of the natural waters
  purification.

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Location of the works execution

• Kola Bay littoral zone
• Any fresh-water reservoir

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Methods

• The whole project duration is 3 years, when
  following activities are foreseen
• Conducting of the quantitative multiparametric
  phytocenosis study in the gradient of sewage
  pollution, and hydrodynamic in the conditions
  of different shape of the artificial overgrow
  constructions for determination of its optimal
  levels where the algal growth rate, and nutrients
  concentration in tissues will be maximum.
• Creation of the artificial reefs pilot plant
  for the sanitary aquaculture aims