The Respiratory System

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The Respiratory System
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Worksheet

• Your cells obtain energy by aerobic respiration
  (they need O2) and your body does this by taking
  it from the air.

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Using diagram

• (1) You breathe in through the nose and the air
  is filtered by tiny little hairs and warmed by
  mucus.
• (2) The voice box or larynx makes sounds for
  speaking.
• (3) The trachea is a flexible tube held open by
  rings of cartilage.
• (4) In the lungs the trachea divides into two
  bronchi (singlebronchus)

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• (5) Bronchi then branch out to become smaller
  tubes called bronchioles.
• (6) At the end of the bronchioles there are tiny
  little air sacks called alveoli. This is where
  gas exchange takes place (O2 in CO2 out)
• (7) The diaphragm is a muscle below the lungs
  that helps you breathe.
• (8) Your intercostal muscles help you breathe in
  and out and are in between your ribs.

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• (9) Ribs protect your lungs.
• (10) The plural membrane is a slippery skin
  lining the cavity and protect the lungs from
  rubbing against the ribs.
• (11) Lungs are in a space in the body called the
  thoracic cavity.
• (12) Lungs are soft and spongy.
• (13) The small flap of skin that stops you
  swallowing food down the windpipe is called the
  epiglottis.

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Alveoli

• (1) They are at the end of the bronchiole and are
  smaller than a grain of salt.
• (2) Lungs take in O2 and give out CO2. Gas
  exchange takes place here as their cell walls are
  thin.
• (3) They are covered with tiny blood vessels
  called capillaries. Gases can pass through
  these.

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Gas Exchange

• (1) Blood carries waste CO2 from the body cells
  to the alveoli.
• (2) CO2 passes through the capillary walls into
  the alveoli.
• (3) From here it travels out of the lungs and up
  the windpipe and you breathe it out.
• (4) you breathe in O2. It passes through the
  alveoli walls and into the capillaries.
• (5) The blood carries the O2 away to the body
  cells.

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How air changes in your lungs

• O2 is taken from air and CO2 added to it.
• This means the air you breathe out is different
  to that you breathe in.